# iotools.cloud

> Free, fast, privacy-friendly online tools for developers, designers and everyone in between. Most tools run entirely in the browser with no sign-up required. Some file conversions and live lookups use server-side processing; each tool page explains its processing and privacy model.

Directory of all tools: https://iotools.cloud/tools/

## API — for AI agents

> REST API, one POST per tool. Full introduction: https://iotools.cloud/developers/ · OpenAPI 3.1 spec (machine-readable, ground truth): https://api.iotools.cloud/v1/openapi

- Base URL: `https://api.iotools.cloud`
- Auth: `Authorization: Bearer YOUR_API_KEY` — free key at https://iotools.cloud/account/#api-keys
- Run a tool: `POST https://api.iotools.cloud/v1/tool/{slug}` with the tool's fields as the body, flat: `{ "inputString": "hello" }` — no `inputs` wrapper
- Look up a schema: `GET https://api.iotools.cloud/v1/tool/{slug}` (one tool) or `GET https://api.iotools.cloud/v1/tools/list` (the whole catalog)
- Errors are RFC 9457 problem documents with a stable `code` to branch on
- Also reachable over MCP — see https://iotools.cloud/docs/mcp/overview/

## Converters

Convert between formats, encodings, and units — Base64, CSV and JSON, timestamps, and more. Fast, free, and processed right in your browser.

- [Acceleration Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/acceleration-converter/): Convert acceleration between meters per second squared (m/s²), Galileo (Gal), feet per second squared, inches per second squared, and standard gravity (g) at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in all 5 units.
- [AES Encryption/Decryption](https://iotools.cloud/tool/aes-encryption-decryption/): Encrypt or decrypt text with AES-256-CBC. Runs entirely client-side — provide a 64-character hex key, and the tool handles padding, the IV, and base64 encoding.
- [Angle Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/angle-converter/): Convert angles between degrees, radians, gradians, turns, arcminutes, arcseconds, and milliradians at once, plus the sine/cosine/tangent for that angle. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in every unit.
- [Area Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/area-converter/): Convert area between square meters, square kilometers, hectares, acres, square feet, square miles, and 8 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Atbash Cipher](https://iotools.cloud/tool/atbash-cipher/): Encode and decode text using the Atbash cipher. Reverses the alphabet (A↔Z, B↔Y, C↔X…); non-letters pass through unchanged. Self-inverse — running it twice returns the original text.
- [Base32 Encoder/Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/base32-encoder-decoder/): Encode text to Base32 or decode Base32 strings back to plain text (RFC 4648, UTF-8 aware). Handles padding and validates Base32 characters automatically.
- [Base58 Encoder/Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/base58-encoder-decoder/): Encode text to Base58 or decode Base58 strings back to plain text using the Bitcoin alphabet (UTF-8 aware). Handles leading zero bytes and validates Base58 characters automatically.
- [Base64 Decode](https://iotools.cloud/tool/base64-decode/): Decode Base64 strings back to plain text (UTF-8 aware). Paste one or more Base64 values — each line is decoded separately.
- [Base64 Image Preview & Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/base64-image-preview-decoder/): Preview a base64-encoded image and decode it back into a clean data URI. Paste raw base64 or a full data:image/...;base64,... string — see the rendered image plus its detected format, MIME type and decoded file size.
- [Base85 (Ascii85) Encoder/Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/base85-encoder-decoder/): Encode text to Base85 (Ascii85) or decode Base85 strings back to plain text. More compact than Base64, the encoding used by Adobe PostScript and PDF.
- [Bech32 Encoder/Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bech32-encoder-decoder/): Encode hex data into a Bech32 (BIP-173) string with a human-readable part, or decode a Bech32 string back to its HRP and data — with full checksum validation.
- [Bencode Encoder/Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bencode-encoder-decoder/): Decode bencode (the encoding used by BitTorrent .torrent files) into JSON, or encode JSON into bencode — with a torrent-info summary when decoding a torrent file's dictionary.
- [Binary to Gray Code Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/binary-gray-code/): Convert between binary and Gray code (reflected binary), where two successive values differ in only one bit. Supports both directions plus the decimal equivalent.
- [Binary to Text Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/binary-to-text-converter/): Convert plain text to binary (8-bit UTF-8 byte groups) or decode binary back to text. Tolerates space, comma, or newline-separated bits and validates input automatically.
- [Bionic Reading Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bionic-reading-converter/): Convert any text to bionic reading format — the first few letters of every word are bolded as fixation points, guiding your eye and speeding up skimming.
- [Braille Text Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/braille-text-generator/): Convert plain text into Unicode Braille patterns (Grade 1 / uncontracted English Braille). Letters, digits, and common punctuation are mapped to Braille cells; unsupported characters pass through unchanged.
- [Caesar Cipher](https://iotools.cloud/tool/caesar-cipher/): Encode and decode text using the Caesar cipher. Shift each letter by a fixed amount (shift 13 = ROT13). Supports encode and decode modes; non-letters pass through unchanged.
- [String Case Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/case-converter/): Convert text between 18 letter cases: UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case, path/case, sPoNgE cAsE and more — line by line.
- [Title Case Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/title-case-converter/): Capitalize a title correctly in APA, Chicago, AP, MLA, Bluebook, AMA, NY Times, Wikipedia or email-subject style. Results update as you type, with sentence case, UPPERCASE, lowercase and alternating case one click away, plus bulk lists and a custom dictionary.
- [CBOR Encoder / Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cbor-encoder-decoder/): Encode a JSON value to CBOR (RFC 8949) binary data as hex or Base64, or decode CBOR bytes back to JSON. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Electric Charge Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/charge-converter/): Convert electric charge between coulombs, millicoulombs, microcoulombs, nanocoulombs, picocoulombs, kilocoulombs, megacoulombs, elementary charge (e), faraday, and statcoulomb at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in all 10 units.
- [Chmod Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/chmod-calculator/): Convert Unix file permission checkboxes (read/write/execute for owner, group and others) into the numeric chmod value and symbolic notation, plus a ready-to-run chmod command.
- [Cocktail Measurement Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cocktail-measurement-converter/): Convert bartending measurements — ounces, ml, cl, teaspoons, tablespoons, dashes, splashes, jiggers, ponies, shots and more — into every other unit at once.
- [Color Temperature Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-temp-converter/): Convert a color temperature in Kelvin (e.g. 2700K candlelight, 6500K daylight) into its approximate RGB color, hex code and CSS values using the Tanner Helland algorithm.
- [Cooking Measurement Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cooking-measurement-converter/): Convert cooking and baking measurements — cups, tablespoons, teaspoons, fluid ounces, milliliters, liters, grams, kilograms, ounces and pounds — into every other unit at once, with optional ingredient-specific volume-to-weight conversion.
- [Coordinate Format Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/coordinate-format-converter/): Convert geographic coordinates between Decimal Degrees (DD), Degrees Minutes Seconds (DMS) and Degrees Decimal Minutes (DDM) — paste a latitude and longitude in any of the three formats and get all three side by side.
- [CRLF/LF Line Ending Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/crlf-lf-line-ending-converter/): Convert line endings between CRLF (Windows), LF (Unix/Linux/macOS) and CR (classic Mac) in pasted text or an uploaded file. Detects the input's current line-ending style, including mixed endings, before converting.
- [CSS Logical Properties Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-logical-properties-converter/): Convert physical CSS properties (margin-left, width, top, text-align: left) to their logical-property equivalents (margin-inline-start, inline-size, inset-block-start, text-align: start), or the reverse.
- [CSS Nesting Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-nesting-converter/): Flatten native CSS nesting (& selectors and nested blocks) into plain flat CSS rules, for browsers or tools that don't support CSS Nesting yet.
- [CSS to JS Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-to-js-converter/): Convert CSS declarations into a JS style object (React inline style, React Native StyleSheet, styled-components, Emotion, or plain object) — and back from JS to CSS.
- [CSS to JS Style Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-to-js-style-converter/): Convert CSS declarations to a React inline style object, a React Native StyleSheet, or a styled-components/Emotion css template literal — and convert JS style objects back to plain CSS.
- [CSS to Tailwind Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-to-tailwind-converter/): Convert plain CSS declarations (display: flex, padding: 16px, color: #ffffff) into their closest Tailwind CSS utility classes, falling back to arbitrary-value syntax when no exact token matches.
- [CSV to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-to-json-converter/): Convert CSV to JSON. Parses real CSV grammar — quoted fields with embedded commas, newlines and escaped double-quotes — with a comma, semicolon or tab delimiter, and outputs either an array of objects (first row as headers) or an array of arrays. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [CSV to XML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-to-xml-converter/): Convert CSV to XML. Parses real CSV grammar — quoted fields with embedded commas, newlines and escaped double-quotes — with a comma, semicolon, tab or pipe delimiter (or auto-detect), and builds properly-indented, XML-escaped XML with customizable root/row element names. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [CSV to SQL Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-to-sql/): Convert CSV data with a header row into a CREATE TABLE statement and INSERT statements — infers each column's type (INTEGER/REAL/TEXT), picks MySQL/PostgreSQL/SQLite identifier quoting, and escapes string values.
- [cURL to Code Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/curl-to-code-converter/): Convert a curl command into equivalent request code — Python requests, JavaScript fetch/axios, Node.js, PHP (Guzzle or the cURL extension), Go net/http, or Ruby Net::HTTP.
- [Currency Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/currency-converter/): Convert between world currencies using live exchange rates — pick an amount and two currencies, swap them with one click, and see the last-updated rate timestamp.
- [Data Storage Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/data-storage-converter/): Convert digital storage sizes between bits, bytes, and every SI (KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB) and IEC binary (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB) unit. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Date-Time Format Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/date-time-format-converter/): Auto-detect a date-time string (ISO 8601/9075, RFC 3339/7231, Unix or millisecond timestamp, Mongo ObjectID, Excel serial, UTC string) and convert it into every other format at once. Timezone-less input is read and shown in UTC.
- [Decibel (dB) Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/decibel-converter/): Convert decibel levels to and from their linear quantities and ratios for Sound Pressure Level (dB SPL), Voltage (dBV / dBu) and Power (dBm / dBW). Enter a value in any unit and read the equivalents, with the formulas and common reference levels.
- [Docker Run to Compose Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/docker-run-to-compose-converter/): Turn a `docker run …` command into an equivalent docker-compose.yml service definition — ports, volumes, environment, networks, healthchecks, resource limits and more. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Dotenv to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dotenv-to-json-converter/): Convert a .env file into a JSON object — and back from JSON to .env. Parses export prefixes, quoted values and inline comments; optional nested JSON (split keys by __), alphabetical key sorting and dropping empty values. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Electric Current Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/electric-converter/): Convert electric current between amperes, milliamperes, microamperes, nanoamperes, picoamperes, kiloamperes, megaamperes, statamperes, and abamperes at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in all 9 units.
- [Energy Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/energy-converter/): Convert energy between joules, kilowatt-hours, calories, BTU, electronvolts, and 19 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Excel/XLSX to CSV Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/excel-xlsx-to-csv-converter/): Convert an Excel .xlsx file to CSV — pick the worksheet, delimiter and line ending, entirely in your browser. Legacy .xls files aren't supported; save as .xlsx first.
- [File to Base64 Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/file-to-base64-encode/): Convert any file to a Base64 string right in your browser — get the raw Base64 or a ready-to-embed data URL for HTML, CSS or JSON.
- [Force Unit Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/force-unit-converter/): Convert force between newtons, kilonewtons, dynes, kilogram-force (kgf), pound-force (lbf), ounce-force, poundals, and ton-force units at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in all 12 units.
- [Fraction to Decimal Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fraction-decimal/): Convert fractions to decimals (with repeating-cycle detection and step-by-step long division), convert decimals back to fractions (including 0.(3) and 0.333... repeating notation), and add, subtract, multiply, or divide two fractions.
- [Frequency Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/frequency-converter/): Convert frequency between hertz, kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz, terahertz, RPM, BPM, radians per second, and degrees per second at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in all 9 units.
- [Geohash Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/geohash-converter/): Encode latitude and longitude into a geohash, or decode a geohash back to coordinates. Reports the cell's bounding box, real-world size and all eight neighbouring geohashes.
- [GeoJSON to WKT Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/geojson-wkt-converter/): Convert geometry between GeoJSON and WKT (Well-Known Text) in either direction — Point, LineString, Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon and GeometryCollection. Auto-detects the input format, with options for coordinate precision, pretty-printed JSON and uppercase WKT keywords. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [HAR to cURL Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/har-to-curl-extractor/): Convert HAR (HTTP Archive) requests into runnable cURL commands — with header, cookie, auth-masking, and body options, plus method/status/type filters.
- [HAR to Postman Collection Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/har-to-postman-collection-converter/): Convert a HAR (HTTP Archive) file into a Postman Collection v2.1 — grouped by host or path, with cookie/auth cleanup and a promoted {{baseUrl}} variable.
- [Hardness Scale Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hardness-scale-converter/): Convert a material hardness value between the Mohs, Vickers (HV), Brinell (HB) and Rockwell A/B/C (HRA/HRB/HRC) scales. Enter a value on any one scale and read its approximate equivalent on all the others, using standardized ASTM E140-style correlation data for steels.
- [HEX Color to Name](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hex-color-to-name/): Find the name of a HEX color: enter a HEX code (#RRGGBB, #RGB, with or without #) to get the closest CSS named color by Euclidean RGB distance, whether it's an exact match, and a ranked list of nearby named colors.
- [HEX to RGBA Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hex-to-rgba-converter/): Convert a HEX color (#RGB, #RGBA, #RRGGBB or #RRGGBBAA) to CSS rgba()/rgb() notation, with a full breakdown of red, green, blue, alpha and HSLA — plus an optional alpha override.
- [Hex to Text Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hex-to-text/): Convert a hexadecimal string to readable text, or encode text into hex bytes. Handles space, comma, dash, 0x and \x formats plus multi-byte UTF-8, with selectable output delimiter and case.
- [HSV to RGB Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hsv-to-rgb-converter/): Convert an HSV/HSB color (Hue 0-360°, Saturation and Value/Brightness 0-100%) to RGB and a hex code, with a per-channel breakdown and a live color swatch.
- [HTML Decode](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-decode/): Decode HTML-encoded text back into literal characters. Handles named entities (& < > " © — and ~190 more), decimal numeric references (©), and hex numeric references (', case-insensitive) — entirely in your browser.
- [HTML Encoder / Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-encoder-decoder/): Encode text into HTML entities or decode entities back into plain characters. Choose named (<), decimal (<) or hex (<) output, and how much to escape — the parser-significant characters, control characters, or everything non-ASCII. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [HTML Stripper](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-stripper/): Strip all HTML tags from a snippet or file, leaving just the visible text. Removes <script>/<style> content and comments entirely, decodes HTML entities, and turns block-level elements into line breaks.
- [HTML Table Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-table-extractor/): Extract <table> data from pasted HTML into CSV, TSV, JSON or Markdown, expanding merged colspan/rowspan cells.
- [HTML to Markdown Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-to-markdown/): Convert an HTML snippet into clean Markdown. Handles headings, bold/italic, links, images, ordered and unordered lists, blockquotes, inline code and code blocks, tables, horizontal rules and line breaks. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [iCalendar (ICS) to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/icalendar-ics-to-json-converter/): Parse .ics calendar files into structured JSON — typed dates, RRULE recurrence rules, organizer/attendee addresses, and an optional recurrence-preview expansion.
- [IEEE 754 Floating Point Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ieee-754-floating-point-converter/): Convert a decimal number to its exact IEEE 754 binary representation (32-bit single or 64-bit double precision). Shows the sign / exponent / mantissa bit layout, the hexadecimal value, and a full breakdown including special-value detection (NaN, infinity, zero, subnormal).
- [Image Compressor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-compressor/): Compress and resize a JPG or PNG — set quality, max width/height, output format and a JPEG background. Free and private in your browser; also available as a paid API.
- [Image Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/): Convert an image between JPG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, TIFF, BMP, HEIC, SVG and PDF (rasterized) — pick any format pair.
- [Any Image to AVIF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/to-avif/): Convert JPG, PNG, WebP, GIF, BMP, TIFF, HEIC, SVG or PDF to AVIF online. Server-side conversion.
- [Any Image to GIF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/to-gif/): Convert JPG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, BMP, TIFF, HEIC, SVG or PDF to GIF online. Server-side conversion.
- [Any Image to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/to-jpg/): Convert PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, BMP, TIFF, HEIC, SVG or PDF to JPG online. Server-side conversion.
- [Any Image to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/to-png/): Convert JPG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, BMP, TIFF, HEIC, SVG or PDF to PNG online. Server-side conversion.
- [Any Image to TIFF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/to-tiff/): Convert JPG, PNG, WebP, AVIF, GIF, BMP, HEIC, SVG or PDF to TIFF online. Server-side conversion.
- [Any Image to WebP Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/to-webp/): Convert JPG, PNG, AVIF, GIF, BMP, TIFF, HEIC, SVG or PDF to WebP online. Server-side conversion.
- [AVIF to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/avif-to-jpg/): Convert an AVIF image to JPG online. Server-side conversion.
- [AVIF to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/avif-to-png/): Convert an AVIF image to PNG online. Server-side conversion.
- [BMP to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/bmp-to-jpg/): Convert a BMP image to JPG online. Server-side conversion with much smaller file size.
- [BMP to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/bmp-to-png/): Convert a BMP image to PNG online. Server-side conversion with proper compression.
- [GIF to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/gif-to-jpg/): Convert a GIF image to JPG online. Server-side conversion (first frame for animated GIFs).
- [GIF to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/gif-to-png/): Convert a GIF image to PNG online. Server-side conversion (first frame for animated GIFs).
- [HEIC to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/heic-to-jpg/): Convert an iPhone HEIC photo to JPG online. Server-side conversion — works on any device, no HEIC support required.
- [HEIC to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/heic-to-png/): Convert an iPhone HEIC photo to PNG online. Server-side conversion — works on any device, no HEIC support required.
- [JPG to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/jpg-to-png/): Convert a JPG image to PNG online. Server-side conversion, no quality loss beyond the source JPG.
- [PNG to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/png-to-jpg/): Convert a PNG image to JPG online. Server-side conversion, transparent areas are flattened to white.
- [SVG to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/svg-to-jpg/): Rasterize an SVG vector image to JPG online. Server-side conversion via a dedicated SVG renderer.
- [SVG to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/svg-to-png/): Rasterize an SVG vector image to PNG online. Server-side conversion via a dedicated SVG renderer.
- [TIFF to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/tiff-to-jpg/): Convert a TIFF image to JPG online. Server-side conversion.
- [TIFF to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/tiff-to-png/): Convert a TIFF image to PNG online. Server-side conversion.
- [WebP to JPG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/webp-to-jpg/): Convert a WebP image to JPG online. Server-side conversion.
- [WebP to PNG Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-converter/webp-to-png/): Convert a WebP image to PNG online. Server-side conversion, works with animated and static WebP.
- [Image to PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-to-pdf/): Combine PNG and JPEG images into a single PDF, in the order you choose — drag to reorder, pick a page size, and download. Runs entirely in your browser; your images are never uploaded.
- [Image to Text Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-to-text-converter/): Extract text from images with OCR — photos, screenshots and scans in a dozen languages — entirely in your browser. Your images are never uploaded.
- [Image to ASCII Art Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-to-ascii-art-converter/): Turn an uploaded photo into monospace ASCII art — pick a character density ramp, output width, and an optional colorized preview, entirely in your browser.
- [INI to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ini-to-json/): Convert INI configuration text into a JSON object. Parses [section] headers (including dotted, nested sections), key = value pairs, quoted values and comments. Optional type coercion turns true/false and numeric strings into real JSON booleans and numbers. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [INI to YAML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ini-to-yaml-converter/): Convert INI configuration text into YAML. Parses [section] headers (including dotted, nested sections), key = value pairs, quoted values and comments, and emits clean block-style YAML. Optional type coercion turns true/false and numeric strings into real YAML booleans and numbers. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Integer Base Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/integer-base-converter/): Convert an integer between any number bases from 2 to 36 — binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal or any custom base. Handles negative numbers and arbitrarily large integers, and shows the value in all four common bases at once.
- [IPv4 Address Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv4-converter/): Convert an IPv4 address between dotted-decimal, integer, hexadecimal, octal and binary. Enter any one format — 192.168.1.1, 3232235777, 0xC0A80101 or a 32-bit binary string — and see every other representation at once.
- [IPv4 Range Expander](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv4-range-expander/): Expand an IPv4 range into the full list of individual addresses. Accepts CIDR notation (192.168.1.0/28) or a start-end range (192.168.1.1-192.168.1.10) and returns every address, one per line, with a total count.
- [Range List Tool](https://iotools.cloud/tool/range-list-tool/): Expand compact number ranges (10-12, 8, 20) into a full sorted list, or collapse a list of numbers back into compact ranges. Automatically sorts and deduplicates in both directions.
- [IPv4 to IPv6 Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv4-to-ipv6-converter/): Convert an IPv4 address to its IPv6 representations: the IPv4-mapped address (::ffff:a.b.c.d and the ::ffff:HHHH:HHHH hex form), the derived 6to4 prefix (2002:HHHH:HHHH::/48), and the deprecated IPv4-compatible form.
- [IPv6 Expander & Compressor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv6-expander/): Expand a shorthand IPv6 address (with '::') into its full 8-group form, and compress any IPv6 address to its RFC 5952 canonical form. Paste either form — 2001:db8::1 or 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001 — and get both representations at once. Handles CIDR suffixes and embedded IPv4 tails.
- [JSON Schema Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-schema-generator/): Infer a JSON Schema (Draft-07) from example JSON data — objects get properties and required keys, arrays get a merged (or anyOf) item schema, and numbers are typed as integer or number based on the sample. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON to GraphQL Types Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-graphql-types-generator/): Turn sample JSON into GraphQL SDL type definitions. Infers String, Int, Float, Boolean and ID scalars, generates a named type for every nested object, wraps arrays in list types, and marks fields non-null (!) unless they are null or missing in the samples. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON to HTML Table](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-html-table/): Convert a JSON array of objects (or a single object) into a clean, ready-to-paste HTML <table>. Headers are the union of all keys, values are HTML-escaped, nested objects flatten or stringify, and you can add a CSS class or minify the output.
- [JSON to PHP Array Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-php-array-converter/): Convert JSON into a ready-to-paste PHP array literal — objects become 'key' => value associative arrays, arrays become list arrays, with short [] or legacy array() syntax, your choice of indentation, and an optional $variable / <?php wrapper. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON to TOML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-toml-converter/): Convert JSON to TOML. Handles nested objects (TOML tables), arrays of objects (TOML array-of-tables), and omits JSON null values (TOML has no null). Runs entirely in your browser.
- [TOML to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/toml-to-json-converter/): Convert TOML to JSON. Handles TOML tables, arrays, array-of-tables, inline tables, and native TOML dates/datetimes (converted to ISO 8601 strings). Runs entirely in your browser.
- [TOML to YAML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/toml-to-yaml-converter/): Convert TOML to YAML. Handles nested tables, arrays of tables, and TOML's typed dates/datetimes (rendered as YAML timestamp scalars). Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON to TypeScript Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-typescript-converter/): Convert a JSON sample into TypeScript interfaces or type aliases. Infers primitive, array, and nested-object types, merges arrays of objects into one interface with optional keys, and lets you name the root type.
- [JSON to XML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-xml/): Convert JSON into clean XML — object keys become element tags, arrays repeat their key as sibling elements, and every value is XML-escaped. Configure the root and array-item element names, pretty-print or minify, choose how nulls are handled, and toggle the XML declaration. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON to Zod Schema Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-zod-schema-generator/): Turn a JSON sample into a ready-to-use Zod schema. Infers primitives, arrays, unions, and nested objects, detects string formats (email, URL, UUID, date-time), marks missing keys optional and mixed-null keys nullable, and names the root schema.
- [LAB to RGB Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/lab-to-rgb-converter/): Convert a CIE L*a*b* color to sRGB and a hex code, with a per-channel breakdown, a live color swatch, and an sRGB gamut check. Uses the standard D65 white point.
- [JSON to CSV Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-csv-converter/): Convert a JSON array of objects into CSV. Nested objects flatten to dot-notation columns, headers are the union of every key, and fields are quoted per RFC 4180 with a comma, semicolon or tab delimiter.
- [JSON to YAML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-to-yaml-converter/): Convert JSON to clean block-style YAML. Handles nested objects, arrays and multi-line strings, tolerates JSON5-style comments and trailing commas, and runs entirely in your browser.
- [Length Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/length-converter/): Convert length and distance between meters, kilometers, miles, feet, inches, yards, nautical miles, light-years, and 23 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Letter to Number Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/letter-to-number-converter/): Convert letters to numbers and back using A1Z26, A0Z25, ASCII, hexadecimal, binary or tap (knock) code — a quick decoder for puzzles, ciphers and escape rooms.
- [Leet Speak Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/leet-speak-converter/): Convert text to leet speak (1337) and decode leet back to plain text. Choose basic (numbers only), medium or extreme substitution levels, with optional randomized character variants and mixed casing. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [List Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/list-converter/): Convert a list between formats — newline, comma, semicolon, tab, pipe or space separated, JSON array, HTML/Markdown/numbered lists, or a SQL IN clause. Optionally trim, drop empty lines, remove duplicates and sort.
- [Luminance & Illuminance Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/luminance-illuminance-converter/): Convert illuminance between lux, foot-candles, phot, millilux, and nox — or luminance between cd/m² (nits), foot-lamberts, stilb, lambert, and cd/ft². Enter one value, pick its unit, and see every equivalent in that family at once.
- [Markdown to Slack Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/markdown-to-slack-converter/): Convert Markdown to Slack mrkdwn and back. Rewrites bold (**text** ↔ *text*), italics, strikethrough, links (<url|text> ↔ [text](url)), headings and bullet lists between the two dialects, leaving inline and fenced code untouched. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Merge PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/merge-pdf/): Combine multiple PDF files into a single document — drag to set the order, then download. Runs entirely in your browser; your files are never uploaded.
- [Split PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/split-pdf/): Split one PDF into multiple files — by custom page ranges or one file per page — then download them (zipped if there's more than one). Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded.
- [Delete PDF Pages](https://iotools.cloud/tool/delete-pdf-pages/): Remove specific pages from a PDF, or keep only the ones you list — runs entirely in your browser, nothing is uploaded.
- [Rotate PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rotate-pdf/): Rotate all or some pages of a PDF by 90, 180, or 270 degrees and download the fixed file. Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded.
- [Watermark PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/watermark-pdf/): Stamp a text watermark — like CONFIDENTIAL or DRAFT — across every page of a PDF. Pick the position, size, rotation, opacity and color, then download. Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded.
- [Organize PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/organize-pdf/): Reorder or remove pages in a PDF — move pages up and down, drop the ones you don't need, then download the result. Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded.
- [Protect PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/protect-pdf/): Add a password to a PDF with AES-256 encryption — set an open password (and an optional separate owner password), then download. Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded.
- [Unlock PDF](https://iotools.cloud/tool/unlock-pdf/): Remove a known password from a PDF — enter the password and download an unlocked copy. Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded. Can't recover a forgotten password.
- [MJML to Responsive Email HTML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mjml-to-responsive-email-html-converter/): Compile MJML markup into production-ready, responsive HTML email. Paste an MJML document and get clean HTML with Outlook (MSO) conditionals, inline styles and media queries — choose beautified, minified or raw output and a validation level. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Morse Code Translator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/morse-code-translator/): Translate text to Morse code and Morse code back to text. Supports the International (ITU) Morse alphabet: letters A-Z, digits 0-9, and common punctuation. Words are separated by a slash, letters by a space.
- [MessagePack to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/msgpack-to-json-converter/): Decode MessagePack binary data (hex or Base64) to readable JSON, or encode JSON to compact MessagePack bytes. Shows the size saving over JSON. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Musical Interval Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/musical-interval-converter/): Convert between semitones, cents and frequency ratio for any musical interval, and name the interval (Perfect 5th, Major 3rd…). Shows an equal-temperament vs just-intonation comparison and a detune (cents-to-frequency) calculator.
- [Musical Note Frequency Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/musical-note-frequency-generator/): Convert between musical note names (A4, C#3, Bb2...) and their frequency in Hz, using 12-tone equal temperament. Get the MIDI note number, wavelength in air, cents deviation for off-pitch frequencies, and a full reference table for the surrounding octave. Supports any A4 tuning reference (440 Hz standard, 432, 415 Baroque, 444, or custom).
- [NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/nato-phonetic-alphabet/): Convert text into the NATO (ICAO) phonetic alphabet — each letter becomes its code word (A=Alpha, B=Bravo…) and each digit its number word. Spaces are marked [space] and other characters are bracketed.
- [Network Speed Unit Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/network-speed-unit-converter/): Convert network and data-transfer speeds between bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps and their byte-rate equivalents (B/s, KB/s, MB/s, GB/s, TB/s, plus binary KiB/MiB/GiB/TiB per second). Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in every unit at once.
- [Number Notation Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/number-notation-converter/): Convert a number between US, European, Swiss, Indian (lakh/crore), ISO space, scientific, engineering and e-notation formats, plus English and Indian spelled-out word forms. Auto-detects the input's locale format.
- [Number to Words Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/number-to-words/): Convert a number into its English word form — cardinal (one hundred one), ordinal (one hundred first), or currency (one hundred dollars and fifty cents). Handles negatives, decimals, and numbers into the decillions without precision loss.
- [OpenAPI v2 to v3 Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/openapi-v2-to-v3-converter/): Convert a Swagger 2.0 (OpenAPI v2) spec into OpenAPI 3.x — host/basePath/schemes become servers, definitions become components.schemas with every $ref rewritten, body/formData parameters become requestBody, and produces/consumes become per-response/per-request content maps. Accepts and emits YAML or JSON, and runs entirely in your browser.
- [Paper Size Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/paper-size-converter/): Look up a standard paper size (ISO 216 A0-A10 or US Letter/Legal/Tabloid) and convert its dimensions to millimeters, centimeters, inches, points, and pixels at a chosen DPI.
- [PDF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/): Convert Word, Excel and PowerPoint files to and from PDF, or compress an existing PDF — pick a tool below.
- [PDF Compressor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/compress-pdf/): Shrink a PDF's file size by downsampling images and re-compressing — choose resolution and color mode.
- [Word to PDF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/word-to-pdf/): Convert a Word document (.doc/.docx) to PDF, preserving layout and formatting.
- [Excel to PDF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/excel-to-pdf/): Convert an Excel spreadsheet (.xls/.xlsx) to PDF, preserving layout and formatting.
- [PowerPoint to PDF Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/powerpoint-to-pdf/): Convert a PowerPoint presentation (.ppt/.pptx) to PDF, preserving layout and formatting.
- [PDF to Excel Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/pdf-to-excel/): Extract tables from a PDF into an editable Excel (.xlsx) spreadsheet. Only works for PDFs containing actual tabular data.
- [PDF to PowerPoint Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/pdf-to-powerpoint/): Convert each page of a PDF into a slide image in a PowerPoint (.pptx) deck. Pages become slide images, not editable text.
- [PDF to Word Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-converter/pdf-to-word/): Convert a PDF to an editable Word (.docx) document. Works best on text-based PDFs — scanned/image-only PDFs aren't supported yet.
- [PDF to JPG](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-to-jpg/): Convert each page of a PDF into a JPG or PNG image — pick the resolution and download pages individually or as a ZIP. Runs entirely in your browser; your file is never uploaded.
- [Phone Number Parser & Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/phone-number-parser-and-formatter/): Parse a single phone number and format it as E.164, national, international and RFC 3966 (tel:) forms. Detects the country, calling code and line type (mobile, fixed line, toll free, VoIP...) from a leading + or a chosen default country.
- [PHP Array to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/php-array-to-json/): Convert a PHP array literal (array() or [] syntax with => keys, nested arrays, and PHP scalar types) into valid JSON. Choose 2/4-space, tab, or minified output. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [PHP Deserializer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/php-deserializer/): Deserialize PHP's serialize() output into readable JSON. Paste a serialized PHP string or upload a file to unserialize arrays, objects, and scalars.
- [Pig Latin Translator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pig-latin-translator/): Translate English text into Pig Latin. Consonant-starting words move their leading consonant cluster to the end plus "ay"; vowel-starting words add "way". Capitalization is preserved and punctuation passes through. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Pixel, REM & EM Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pixel-rem-em-converter/): Convert between CSS px, rem, and em units given a root font-size (for rem) and a parent font-size (for em) — and see all three side by side to understand how rem and em diverge.
- [Playfair Cipher](https://iotools.cloud/tool/playfair-cipher/): Encode and decode text using the classic Playfair cipher — a 5x5 keyword grid that substitutes letter pairs (digraphs) instead of single letters. Supports the standard I/J-shared grid or an Omit-Q variant, with a configurable filler letter.
- [Print Typography Units Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/print-typography-units-converter/): Convert between print typography units — points, picas, inches, millimeters, and centimeters — using exact print measurement ratios (1in = 72pt = 6pc = 25.4mm = 2.54cm).
- [Protobuf Text ↔ JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/protobuf-text-json-converter/): Convert Protocol Buffers text format (prototext) to JSON and back. Schema-less structural conversion: nested messages become objects and repeated fields become arrays. Pick a direction and indentation.
- [Punycode Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/punycode-converter/): Convert internationalized domain names (IDN) to and from Punycode ASCII form (xn--) per RFC 3492/RFC 5891. Encode Unicode domains like münchen.de to xn--mnchen-3ya.de, or decode Punycode back to Unicode — ASCII labels pass through unchanged.
- [String Obfuscator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/string-obfuscator/): Mask the middle of a string with asterisks, keeping a configurable number of leading/trailing characters, spaces, and chosen characters visible. Useful for partially hiding emails, card numbers, or IDs in screenshots and docs.
- [Power Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/power-converter/): Convert power between watts, kilowatts, horsepower, metric horsepower, BTU per hour, and 5 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Pressure Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pressure-converter/): Convert pressure between pascals, bar, atmospheres, PSI, torr/mmHg, inches of mercury, and 6 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Markdown to HTML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/markdown-to-html/): Convert Markdown (CommonMark / GitHub-Flavored) to clean HTML — headings, lists, tables, code blocks, links and more. Preview it live and copy the source.
- [Speed Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/speed-converter/): Convert speed between meters per second, kilometers per hour, miles per hour, knots, feet per second, and 7 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Text to Hex Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-to-hex/): Convert text to its hexadecimal byte representation (UTF-8), with your choice of separator and upper- or lower-case output.
- [Regex Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/regex-converter/): Convert a regular expression's syntax between PCRE (PHP), JavaScript, Python re, Go regexp (RE2), Java, and Ruby — named groups, backreferences, lookbehind, atomic groups, possessive quantifiers, inline flags and more — plus convert the flags string between each flavor's notation. Flags per pair, notes explain every change or incompatibility.
- [RGB to CMYK Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rgb-to-cmyk/): Convert an sRGB color (Red, Green, Blue 0-255) to CMYK print percentages (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key/Black 0-100%), with a hex code, a per-channel breakdown and a live color swatch.
- [ROT13 Encoder / Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rot13/): Encode or decode text with ROT13, the fixed-shift-13 Caesar cipher. ROT13 is its own inverse, so the same action encodes and decodes; non-letters pass through unchanged.
- [Scientific Notation Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/scientific-notation-converter/): Convert numbers between standard decimal, scientific (a × 10ⁿ), engineering and e-notation. Works both ways — paste any of these forms and get all four back. Handles very large and very small numbers exactly.
- [RGBA to HEX Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rgba-to-hex-converter/): Convert a CSS rgba()/rgb() color to a HEX code — 6-digit when opaque, 8-digit (#RRGGBBAA) when it has transparency — with a full breakdown of red, green, blue, alpha and HSLA.
- [Roman Numeral Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/roman-numeral-converter/): Convert a number (1–3999) to Roman numerals, or a Roman numeral back to a number. Shows the result plus a breakdown of how the numeral decomposes.
- [SQL Escape](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sql-escape/): Escape or unescape a string for safe inclusion in a SQL string literal — doubles single quotes for standard/ANSI SQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server and SQLite, or applies MySQL's traditional backslash-escaping (backslashes, quotes, newlines, NUL, Ctrl-Z) for MySQL. Also builds a ready-to-paste quoted snippet. For ad-hoc/manual SQL only — always use parameterized queries (prepared statements) in application code instead of string concatenation.
- [SVG to Base64 Encode](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-to-base64-encode/): Encode SVG markup to Base64 and get the ready-to-use data URI, HTML <img> tag and CSS background-image rule — so you can inline an icon without a separate HTTP request.
- [Temperature Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/temperature-converter/): Convert a temperature between Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Rankine, Delisle, Newton, Réaumur, Rømer and Planck. Enter one value and pick its scale, then either see the equivalent on every scale at once or pick a single target scale.
- [Text to Base64 Encode](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-to-base64-encode/): Encode text to a Base64 string. Handles any UTF-8 content — URLs, CSS, HTML, XML, JavaScript, accented characters and emoji — and runs entirely in your browser.
- [Text to Handwriting Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-to-handwriting-converter/): Convert typed text into realistic handwriting on ruled, grid or blank paper — pick the ink colour, size and messiness, then download the result as an SVG image.
- [Timezone Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/timezone-converter/): Convert a date and time between timezone abbreviations like EST, PST, GMT, IST, JST and more. Leave the date/time blank to convert the current moment.
- [Torque Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/torque-converter/): Convert torque between newton-meters, pound-force feet, kilogram-force meters, ounce-force inches, and 6 other units at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in every unit.
- [Unicode to HTML Entities Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/unicode-to-html-entities/): Convert Unicode text to HTML entities and back. Encode to named (&copy;), decimal (&#169;) or hexadecimal (&#xa9;) entities, encode all characters or only special/non-ASCII ones, and decode any entity type back to plain text — with a per-character reference table.
- [Unix Timestamp Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/unix-timestamp-converter/): Convert a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds or milliseconds, auto-detected) into a human-readable UTC date, ISO 8601, RFC 7231 and a named timezone — and convert a date/time back into a Unix timestamp. Leave the input blank to read the current time.
- [Unit Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/unit-converter/): Convert between units of length, mass/weight, temperature, volume, area, speed, data storage, and pressure. Pick a category, choose the units, and get an instant result — or switch on 'Show all units' to see every unit in that category at once.
- [Upside Down Text Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/upside-down-text/): Flip text upside down into ˙ǝpoɔᴉun-style rotated characters you can paste anywhere. Each letter, digit and symbol becomes its 180°-rotated look-alike and the string is reversed so it reads correctly when flipped. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [URL Encoder / Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/url-encoder-decoder/): Encode text into a URL-safe percent-encoded string, or decode a percent-encoded URL back to plain text. Supports component (encodeURIComponent), full-URI (encodeURI), and form-urlencoded (+ for space) schemes.
- [VCF (vCard) to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vcf-vcard-to-json-converter/): Parse .vcf vCard files (versions 3.0 and 4.0) into structured JSON — split names and addresses into fields, parse dates to ISO 8601, group contact methods by type, and handle multiple vCards in one file.
- [Vigenère Cipher](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vigenere-cipher/): Encode and decode text with the Vigenère cipher — a keyword-driven polyalphabetic cipher. Supports the classic repeating-key mode and the text auto-key variant; non-letters pass through and letter case is preserved.
- [Voltage Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/voltage-converter/): Convert voltage between volts, millivolts, microvolts, kilovolts, megavolts, gigavolts, statvolts, and abvolts at once. Enter one value, pick its unit, and see the equivalent in all 10 units.
- [XML to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-to-json-converter/): Convert XML to JSON. Element names become object keys, attributes get a configurable prefix (@, _, or none), text content gets a configurable key name, and repeated sibling elements become a JSON array automatically — with an option to force every element into an array so the shape never depends on how many times it repeats. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Volume Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/volume-converter/): Convert volume between liters, milliliters, cubic meters, US and Imperial cups/pints/quarts/gallons, and 6 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [Weight Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/weight-converter/): Convert weight and mass between kilograms, grams, pounds, ounces, stone, tonnes, carats, and 10 other units. Enter one value and pick its unit, then either see the equivalent in every unit at once or pick a single target unit.
- [YAML to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-to-json-converter/): Convert YAML to formatted JSON. Understands nested mappings, sequences, quoted scalars, block scalars and flow collections, and reports the line number when the YAML is invalid. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [YAML to TOML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-to-toml-converter/): Convert YAML documents to TOML — parses YAML and re-emits it as TOML 1.0, wrapping root-level arrays in an items table since TOML requires a table at the root.
- [YAML to XML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-to-xml/): Convert YAML documents to XML with configurable root element name, array handling (repeated elements or indexed), null handling, CDATA wrapping and indentation.
- [Text to Unicode Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-to-unicode-converter/): Convert text into Unicode escape notation — JavaScript-style \uXXXX escapes, HTML numeric character entities (&#NNN;), and CSS \XXXX escapes — all at once, entirely in your browser.
- [Tab to Space Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tab-to-space-converter/): Replace every tab character in your text with a fixed number of spaces. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Space to Tab Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/space-to-tab-converter/): Replace every run of a fixed number of spaces in your text with a tab character. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Sort List](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sort-list/): Sort the lines of a list alphabetically or numerically, with optional case-sensitivity, leading-number detection, and reverse order. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Reverse List](https://iotools.cloud/tool/reverse-list/): Reverse the order of items in a list — one per line, comma-separated, or space-separated. Empty entries are dropped. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Text to ASCII Binary](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-to-ascii-binary/): Convert plain text to its binary representation — one zero-padded 8-bit group per byte, space-separated. UTF-8 aware, so non-ASCII characters convert to clean byte groups.
- [Shoe & Clothing Size Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/shoe-clothing-size-converter/): Convert shoe and clothing sizes across US, UK, EU, JP, CN and letter systems. Pick a category (men's/women's/kids' shoes, tops, pants or bras), enter the size you know, and see every regional equivalent instantly.
- [Small Caps Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/small-caps-generator/): Convert text into small caps (ꜱᴍᴀʟʟ ᴄᴀᴘꜱ) using Unicode look-alike characters you can copy and paste into social media bios, posts and usernames. Every letter maps to its small-capital glyph; digits, spaces and punctuation pass through unchanged. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SQL Parameterizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sql-parameterizer/): Convert a SQL query with hardcoded values into a parameterized statement with bind placeholders ($1/$2, ?, or :p1/:p2) plus the extracted values as a JSON array. A deterministic tokenizer skips comments, identifiers, and keywords so only real string and numeric literals are replaced.
- [SVG to JSX Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-to-jsx-converter/): Convert raw SVG markup into a ready-to-use React component. Renames attributes to their JSX form (class → className, stroke-width → strokeWidth, xlink:href → xlinkHref), turns inline style strings into style objects, and wraps everything in a component with optional TypeScript, forwardRef, size props, and prop spreading.
- [Table to Markdown Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/table-to-markdown-converter/): Convert an HTML table, CSV, or TSV into a GitHub-Flavored Markdown table. Pick the first row as the header, choose column alignment, and toggle padded or compact output. Pipe characters in cells are escaped automatically.
- [Tailwind Classes to CSS](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tailwind-classes-to-css/): Convert a list of Tailwind CSS utility classes into the equivalent plain CSS rules. Supports layout, spacing, sizing, color, typography, borders, shadows, transforms, and state/responsive variants (hover, md, dark, etc.).
- [Textile Yarn Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/textile-yarn-converter/): Convert knitting needle and crochet hook sizes between US, UK/Canada, metric (mm) and Japanese systems, and look up Craft Yarn Council yarn-weight categories with their recommended gauge, needle and hook sizes.
- [TSV to JSON Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tsv-to-json/): Convert tab-separated values to JSON. Parses quoted fields with embedded tabs and newlines, optionally treats the first row as headers, and infers numbers, booleans and null. Outputs an array of objects or array of arrays, pretty or minified. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [TypeScript Type Stripper](https://iotools.cloud/tool/typescript-type-stripper/): Strip TypeScript type annotations from source code and get back plain JavaScript — either keeping modern syntax intact, or downlevel-transpiled to ES2020/ES2017/ES5. Uses the real TypeScript compiler (transpileModule), entirely in your browser.
- [Unified Color Space Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/unified-color-space-converter/): Paste one color in any format — HEX, RGB, HSL, HSV/HSB, CMYK, LAB, LCH, XYZ, Oklab, or a CSS name — and instantly see its equivalent in every other color space, with a live swatch and the nearest named color.
- [XML to CSV Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-to-csv-converter/): Convert XML with repeating elements into CSV. The repeating row element is auto-detected (or set it yourself), attributes become columns with a configurable prefix, repeated child tags join into one cell, and the header row is the union of every column seen. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [XML to YAML Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-to-yaml-converter/): Convert XML to YAML. Element names become map keys, attributes get a configurable prefix (or can be dropped entirely), text content gets a configurable key name, and repeated sibling elements become a YAML sequence automatically — with an option to force every element into a sequence so the shape never depends on how many times it repeats. Runs entirely in your browser.

## Formatters

Format, beautify, minify, and validate code and data — JSON, HTML, CSS, SQL, and regex. Clean up messy input in one click, with nothing to upload.

- [Access Log Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/access-log-formatter/): Parse Apache/Nginx access log lines (Common Log Format or Combined Log Format) into a structured, filterable table — extract the IP, timestamp, method, path, status, bytes, referrer and user-agent from raw log text.
- [ANSI Escape Stripper](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ansi-escape-stripper/): Remove ANSI escape codes — terminal color and style codes, cursor-movement sequences, and OSC sequences — from pasted terminal output or CI logs, leaving plain text.
- [Ansible Playbook YAML Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ansible-playbook-yaml-formatter/): Clean up messy Ansible playbook, role, or task-list YAML by normalizing indentation to a consistent 2- or 4-space step and tidying list-item dashes. Runs entirely in your browser — nothing is uploaded.
- [Apache Avro Schema Formatter & Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/apache-avro-schema-formatter-validator/): Validate an Apache Avro schema (JSON) against the Avro specification — missing type/fields/name, unknown types, invalid names, duplicate named types and malformed unions all get a clear message with the exact field path — then pretty-print it with 2 or 4-space indentation. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Apache httpd Config Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/apache-httpd-config-formatter/): Format and re-indent Apache httpd.conf / VirtualHost configuration text. Nested <Directory>, <Location>, <IfModule> and other blocks get consistent indentation, one directive per line, with comments preserved.
- [Code Syntax Highlighter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/code-syntax-highlighter/): Paste any code snippet and view it instantly with colorized syntax highlighting, then copy or download the result. Supports JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, PHP, HTML, CSS, JSON, YAML, SQL, Bash, Go, Rust, Java, C, C++, C#, Ruby, Swift, Kotlin, Markdown, XML and more.
- [C++ Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cpp-code-formatter/): Re-indent C and C++ source code by tracking brace ({ }) nesting depth — every block gets consistent indentation, with comments and string literals left untouched.
- [CSS Email Inliner](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-email-inliner/): Inline CSS <style> block rules into each matching HTML tag's style attribute, for email HTML where most clients strip <style> tags. Supports simple tag, class, ID, and tag+class selectors — no descendant combinators, pseudo-classes, or specificity cascade.
- [CSS Minifier & Beautifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-minifier-beautifier/): Minify CSS to shrink stylesheet size, or beautify it back into readable, indented code. Strings, url() values and /*! bang comments are preserved, and the spaces inside calc() are never broken.
- [CSV Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-formatter/): Clean up messy CSV data — auto-detect or choose the input delimiter, trim stray whitespace, and re-serialize with a consistent delimiter and RFC 4180 quoting (quote only when needed, or always).
- [Dart Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dart-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Dart / Flutter source with dart_style-inspired rules — re-indent by bracket depth, normalize operator spacing, sort & group imports, and add trailing commas to multi-line lists.
- [Docker Compose YAML Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/docker-compose-yaml-formatter/): Clean up a messy docker-compose.yml by normalizing indentation to a consistent 2- or 4-space step and tidying list-item dashes. Runs entirely in your browser — nothing is uploaded.
- [Elixir Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/elixir-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Elixir source code — operator/comma spacing, do/fn/end block-depth indentation, blank-line normalization around def/defmodule, and optional alphabetical sorting of alias/import/require/use groups, matching mix format conventions. Includes basic bracket and block-balance validation. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Env File Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/env-file-parser/): Parse a .env (dotenv) file into clean key/value pairs and re-emit it as normalized ENV, a JSON object, or shell export statements — sorted, de-duplicated, with a report of missing '=', duplicate keys and empty values. Optionally mask secret values.
- [Git Log Formatter / Prettifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/git-log-formatter-prettifier/): Turn raw `git log` output into a clean Markdown table, bullet list, one-line summary, or JSON. Parses the default commit/Author/Date block format, `--pretty=fuller`, and `--oneline`, with optional date reformatting (ISO, short, RFC 2822).
- [Go Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/go-formatter/): Format and beautify Go source code — tab indentation derived from brace/paren depth, Go's mandatory same-line brace placement, unambiguous operator/comma spacing, composite-literal colon spacing, and optional stdlib/third-party import sorting — while leaving raw `backtick` strings and comments byte-for-byte untouched.
- [HAR File Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/har-file-formatter/): Parse and filter a HAR (HTTP Archive) file — search by URL, method, status class or content type, and see per-request size and timing in a sortable table.
- [.htaccess Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/htaccess-formatter/): Format and re-indent Apache .htaccess files. Nested <IfModule>, <FilesMatch>, <Directory> and other sections get consistent indentation and single-spaced directives, with comments and quoted values preserved.
- [HJSON Formatter & Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hjson-formatter-validator/): Convert between HJSON and JSON, and validate as you go. HJSON is a human-friendly superset of JSON — no required quotes on keys, // and # comments, multiline ''' strings and trailing commas are all allowed. Format HJSON into pretty or minified JSON, or the reverse, with adjustable indentation, key sorting and quote style, plus a clear error message (with line/column) on malformed input.
- [HTML Formatter & Beautifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-formatter-beautifier/): Format and beautify messy or minified HTML — re-indent nested tags by depth, keep attributes intact, and leave <pre>, <script>, <style> and <textarea> contents untouched. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [HTML Minifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-minifier/): Minify HTML by collapsing whitespace, removing comments and optionally minifying inline CSS and JavaScript. Content inside <pre>, <textarea>, <script> and <style> is never mangled, and conditional comments survive.
- [INI Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ini-formatter/): Format and beautify INI / config files. Normalizes [section] headers and key = value spacing, trims trailing whitespace, and puts one blank line between sections. Optionally sorts keys alphabetically within each section. Comments and section order are preserved.
- [Java Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/java-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Java source code — re-indent by brace depth, normalize operator spacing, choose K&R or Allman brace style, and sort & group imports (java, javax, third-party, static).
- [Java .properties File Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/java-properties-file-formatter/): Format and beautify Java .properties files. Normalizes key=value / key:value / whitespace separators to a consistent one, fixes spacing, joins backslash line continuations, and preserves comments and \uXXXX escapes. Optionally sort keys, align separators, remove duplicates, or strip comments.
- [JavaScript Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/javascript-code-formatter/): Format and beautify messy or minified JavaScript — re-indent by brace depth, normalize spacing and quotes, pick 1TBS or Allman braces, and control semicolons and trailing commas. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JavaScript Escape / Unescape](https://iotools.cloud/tool/javascript-escape-unescape/): Escape a string into a JavaScript string-literal-safe form (backslash-escaping quotes, backslashes, newlines, tabs, and control characters) or unescape JS escape sequences (\n, \t, \xHH, \uHHHH, \u{...}) back into plain text.
- [JavaScript Minifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/javascript-minifier/): Minify JavaScript by stripping comments and every byte of unnecessary whitespace. Strings, template literals and regular expressions are left byte-identical, and line breaks that Automatic Semicolon Insertion depends on are preserved.
- [JSON Escape / Unescape](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-escape-unescape/): Escape text into a safe JSON string value, or unescape a JSON-escaped string back to raw text. Uses the exact rules of the JSON spec (RFC 8259): quotes, backslashes, and every control character are escaped. Toggle whether the output is wrapped in double quotes as a full JSON string literal.
- [JSON Flattener](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-flattener/): Flatten nested JSON into a single-level object with dot-and-bracket path keys (user.roles[0]), or unflatten flat keys back into nested JSON. Pick the key delimiter and get pretty-printed output.
- [JSON Schema Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-schema-validator/): Validate a JSON document against a JSON Schema (Draft-07) and get every rule violation listed by its JSON-pointer path — missing required keys, wrong types, out-of-range numbers, failed patterns, enums, $ref definitions and oneOf/anyOf/allOf combinators. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [GraphQL Schema Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/graphql-schema-formatter/): Validate and reformat GraphQL SDL (Schema Definition Language) — type, interface, enum, input, scalar, union and directive definitions. Reports the exact syntax error and line/column on invalid schemas, and reprints valid ones with consistent 2- or 4-space indentation, optionally sorting types and fields alphabetically.
- [TOML Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/toml-formatter/): Pretty-print and reformat TOML with consistent spacing and table syntax. Optionally sort keys alphabetically, and get a clear error with line/column when the TOML is invalid. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [TypeScript Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/typescript-formatter/): Format and beautify TypeScript (.ts/.tsx) source with real Prettier — consistent indentation, quote style, semicolons and trailing commas. Free and private in your browser; also available as a paid API.
- [Julia Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/julia-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Julia (.jl) source — re-indent by end-delimited blocks (function, if, for, struct, module), normalize spacing around operators and after commas, and optionally strip comments and collapse blank lines. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Kotlin Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/kotlin-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Kotlin source code — re-indent by brace depth, normalize operator and comma spacing, sort imports, and add trailing commas to multi-line lists. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Kubernetes YAML Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/kubernetes-yaml-formatter/): Clean up and beautify Kubernetes manifests: re-indent to a consistent 2- or 4-space step, optionally reorder keys into the conventional apiVersion → kind → metadata → spec order, and normalize quoting — across multi-document (---) files. Runs entirely in your browser; nothing is uploaded.
- [JSON Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-formatter/): Format, validate and minify JSON instantly. Pretty-print with 2 or 4 spaces or tabs, optionally sort keys alphabetically, and get a clear error message when the JSON is invalid.
- [Jsonnet Formatter & Evaluator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jsonnet-formatter-evaluator/): Format Jsonnet source with consistent indentation, or evaluate it to JSON — objects with inheritance (self/super), locals, functions, comprehensions, string interpolation, and a substantial subset of the std library. import/importstr are not supported (no filesystem access in-browser). Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON Minifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-minifier/): Minify JSON instantly — strip every space, tab and line break from a JSON document while keeping it valid and byte-for-byte equivalent. Paste JSON or drop a .json file; invalid JSON is reported with the exact parse error.
- [Line Affixer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/line-affixer/): Add a prefix and/or suffix to every line of text at once. Great for wrapping lines in quotes, building SQL IN-lists, adding bullets, or numbering lines. Use {n} in the prefix or suffix to insert the line number.
- [Lua Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/lua-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Lua source code — re-indent by block structure (function/if/for/while/repeat), normalize operator and comma spacing, and choose 2-space, 4-space, or tab indentation. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Makefile Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/makefile-formatter/): Format and clean up GNU Makefiles. Converts space-indented recipe lines to the tabs Make requires, trims trailing whitespace, collapses extra blank lines, normalizes spacing around assignment operators (= := ?= +=), and optionally aligns consecutive variable assignments. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Markdown Table Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/markdown-table-formatter/): Clean up and reformat a Markdown table: align columns, pad cells evenly, control the separator style and outer pipes, sort by any column, and export the same data as CSV, HTML or JSON.
- [NDJSON Formatter & Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ndjson-formatter-validator/): Validate newline-delimited JSON line-by-line (each bad line flagged, never crashing the rest), pretty-print or minify every record while keeping the NDJSON structure, and convert NDJSON to and from a JSON array. Optionally sort object keys.
- [Nginx Config Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/nginx-formatter/): Format and re-indent nginx configuration files. Nested http, server, location, upstream and other blocks get consistent indentation and one directive per line, with quoted values and comments preserved.
- [OpenAPI / Swagger Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/openapi-swagger-validator/): Validate an OpenAPI 3.x or Swagger 2.0 spec (JSON or YAML) for structural and semantic errors — missing info/paths, invalid HTTP methods, duplicate operationIds, undeclared path parameters, and unresolved local $ref pointers. Every issue is reported with its JSON-pointer path. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [package.json Formatter & Key Sorter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/package-json-formatter-key-sorter/): Pretty-print a package.json and reorder its keys into the conventional npm order (name, version, description, ... dependencies, devDependencies, ...). Sorts dependencies, devDependencies, peerDependencies and similar maps alphabetically by package name, and preserves any non-standard fields at the end.
- [PHP Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/php-code-formatter/): Format and beautify PHP source code - re-indent by brace depth, normalize operator spacing, and choose PSR-12 mixed, K&R, or Allman brace style. Handles variables, string interpolation, heredoc/nowdoc, and -> / :: operators.
- [Prisma Schema Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/prisma-schema-formatter/): Format and beautify Prisma .prisma schema files — re-indent model/enum/datasource/generator blocks and column-align field names, types and attributes, Prisma format's signature look. Preserves // and /// doc comments, handles multi-line attribute values, and can reorder fields alphabetically or by type.
- [PromQL Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/promql-formatter/): Format and validate PromQL (Prometheus Query Language) expressions — consistent indentation and line-breaking for metric selectors, label matchers, functions, binary/aggregation operators, and by/without/on/group_left clauses. Optionally wraps the result as a Prometheus recording rule. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Protobuf Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/protobuf-formatter/): Format and pretty-print .proto (Protocol Buffers) source — consistent indentation, blank-line spacing between messages/enums/services, aligned enum values, and optional sorting of fields by tag number. Includes basic syntax validation. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Python Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/python-code-formatter/): Clean up Python source: normalize existing indentation to a consistent width, tidy comma/operator spacing, collapse long blank-line runs, and trim trailing whitespace — without touching triple-quoted strings, f-strings, or comments.
- [SVG Optimizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-optimizer/): Shrink SVG markup with the real SVGO optimizer — strip comments, editor metadata and XML boilerplate, drop redundant/default attribute values, round coordinate precision, minify path data, shorten hex colors, and remove unreferenced IDs. Shows original vs. optimized size and the reduction percentage.
- [Reverse Text](https://iotools.cloud/tool/reverse-text/): Reverse text either by characters (flip the entire string) or by words (reverse word order while keeping each word intact). Handles emoji and multi-byte Unicode characters correctly.
- [Ruby Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ruby-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Ruby source code — re-indent by block structure (class/module/def/if/unless/case/while/until/do), normalize operator and comma spacing, and choose 2-space, 4-space, or tab indentation. Strings, comments and heredocs are left untouched. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Rust Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rust-code-formatter/): Re-indent Rust source code by tracking brace, paren and bracket nesting depth — fn, struct, impl, trait, enum, match arms and closures get consistent indentation, while comments, string and raw-string literals are left untouched.
- [Scala Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/scala-code-formatter/): Re-indent Scala source code by tracking brace, paren and bracket nesting depth — object, class, trait, def, match/case, if/else and for/yield blocks get consistent indentation, while comments, string and triple-quoted literals are left untouched.
- [SCSS Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/scss-formatter/): Format and re-indent SCSS / Sass source by tracking brace nesting depth — rules, nested selectors, $variables, @mixin/@include and @if/@else/@each/@for blocks get consistent indentation, while comments, strings and #{} interpolation are left untouched. Structural formatting only, not a Sass compiler.
- [SQL Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sql-formatter/): Pretty-print and beautify SQL queries — real dialect-aware formatting (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, SQL Server, BigQuery, Snowflake and more) with configurable indent size and keyword casing. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SQL Minifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sql-minifier/): Minify a SQL query by stripping -- / # / block comments and collapsing whitespace to single spaces, while leaving string literals and quoted identifiers byte-for-byte untouched — even ones containing '' escaped quotes or comment-like -- and /* */ sequences.
- [Terraform Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/terraform-formatter/): Format and beautify HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language) source — the same spirit as `terraform fmt`: align `=` signs within blocks, normalize indentation, reorder meta-arguments (count/for_each first, lifecycle/provisioner last), and optionally sort attributes alphabetically. Includes basic syntax validation. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [XML Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-validator/): Check whether pasted XML is well-formed — matching open/close tags (case-sensitive), a single root element, correctly quoted attribute syntax, no duplicate attributes, and properly escaped special characters — with the exact line and column of every problem. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [YAML Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-formatter/): Clean up and beautify YAML: re-indent to a consistent 2- or 4-space step, wrap or unwrap long lines, optionally sort keys alphabetically, switch between block and compact flow style, and strip comments — while preserving quoting, block scalars and (by default) comments. Handles multi-document (---) files. Runs entirely in your browser; nothing is uploaded.
- [YAML Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-validator/): Check whether pasted YAML is syntactically valid. Invalid input is reported error-by-error with the exact line, column and reason; valid input gets a structural summary — document count, top-level type (mapping/sequence/scalar) and key/item counts. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [YAML Viewer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-viewer/): Paste YAML and view it as clean, canonically re-indented YAML alongside an equivalent JSON preview — a quick way to see a config file's actual data shape. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [XML Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-formatter/): Pretty-print and validate XML instantly. Indent with 2 spaces, 4 spaces or tabs, collapse text content onto one line, self-close empty tags, strip comments, and get a clear message when the markup is malformed.
- [Zig Language Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/zig-language-formatter/): Format and beautify Zig source code — brace placement, operator/comma spacing (leaving strings, character literals, and comments untouched), block-depth indentation, and optional trailing commas on multi-line lists, matching zig fmt conventions. Includes basic bracket-balance validation. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Empty Lines Remover](https://iotools.cloud/tool/empty-lines-remover/): Remove every blank line from a block of text, keeping the remaining lines in order. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Line Break Remover](https://iotools.cloud/tool/line-break-remover/): Remove line breaks from text and join the lines back together — space-separated by default, with paragraphs (double line breaks) preserved. Optionally strip HTML tags, capitalize each paragraph, and normalize spacing.
- [Text Merger](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-merger/): Join multiple lines of text into a single string. Remove line breaks, normalize spacing, and customize your text output.
- [Whitespace Trimmer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/whitespace-trimmer/): Collapse repeated tabs or spaces down to a single one, or remove them entirely, anywhere in a block of text. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Time Duration Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/time-duration-formatter/): Format a time duration every common way at once: verbose (2 hours, 15 minutes), short (2h 15m 30s), ISO 8601 (PT2H15M30S), clock (02:15:30), approximate, total milliseconds and seconds, plus a full days/hours/minutes/seconds breakdown. Enter the duration in seconds, milliseconds or clock format.
- [Shell Script Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/shell-script-formatter/): Format and beautify Bash, sh, and Zsh shell scripts. Re-indent if/then/fi, for/while loops, case statements, and functions; choose 2/4 spaces or tabs, position binary operators, and space redirect operators.
- [Solidity Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/solidity-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Solidity smart-contract source: re-indent by brace depth, normalize spacing around operators and punctuation, reorder function visibility/mutability modifiers, sort the pragma/import header, and normalize NatSpec comments — all in your browser.
- [Stack Trace Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/stack-trace-formatter/): Clean up and reformat a raw exception stack trace into a tidy Markdown block. Detects the language (JavaScript, Python, Java, Ruby, Go, .NET, PHP), extracts the exception type and message, numbers the frames, and optionally collapses noisy framework/vendor frames.
- [Swift Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/swift-code-formatter/): Format and beautify Swift source: re-indent by brace depth, normalize spacing around operators and punctuation, strip redundant semicolons, add trailing commas to multi-line lists, and sort import statements — all in your browser.
- [Text Column Aligner](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-column-aligner/): Align multi-line text into neat columns by padding spaces so a chosen delimiter (=, :, //, =>, |, comma, tab, and more) lines up across every row — like the Unix column -t command, right in your browser.
- [XML Minifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-minifier/): Minify XML instantly — strip whitespace between tags, collapse extra spaces inside text content, and optionally remove comments, while leaving attribute values and CDATA sections untouched. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Haskell Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/haskell-code-formatter/): Format and pretty-print Haskell source — consistent operator spacing, sorted/deduplicated LANGUAGE pragmas, sorted import blocks, and blank-line collapsing, approximating Fourmolu/Ormolu conventions. Includes basic syntax validation and a long-line report. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [R Code Formatter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/r-code-formatter/): Format and pretty-print R source — consistent operator spacing, bracket-depth indentation, optional = → <- assignment conversion, and blank-line normalization, approximating styler/tidyverse conventions. Includes basic syntax validation and a long-line report. Runs entirely in your browser.

## Generators

Generate exactly what you need and on demand — passwords, UUIDs, QR codes, hashes, random numbers, and more. Secure, instant, and free.

- [AES Key Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/aes-key-generator/): Generate a cryptographically random AES encryption key — 128, 192, or 256-bit, output as hex or Base64. Generated entirely in your browser and never transmitted.
- [AI Image Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-image-generator/): Generate an image from a text description with AI — describe what you want, pick a size and an optional style preset, and get a downloadable image.
- [AI Writer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/): Generate original written content with AI — a bio, a summary, a message, a description. Describe what you need in your own words and get a ready-to-use draft.
- [Answer Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/answers/): Generate a comprehensive, well-supported answer to any question with AI — clear, direct, and backed by relevant detail.
- [Backstory Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/backstory/): Generate a rich character backstory with AI — history, motivations and key events, for a story, a game character or a D&D campaign.
- [Baddie Comebacks Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/baddie-comebacks/): Generate sharp, witty comebacks with AI — five clever roasts for any situation, each with a quick note on why it lands.
- [Email Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/email/): Generate a well-structured email with AI — clear, on-tone, and ready to send, from a subject line to a closing sign-off.
- [Simple Email Signature Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/email-signature/): Generate professional email signature layouts with AI — five ready-to-use options with name, title and contact details.
- [Haiku Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/haiku/): Generate traditional 5-7-5 haiku on any topic with AI — each with a short note on what it means.
- [Happy Monday Quotes Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/happy-monday-quotes/): Generate motivational Monday quotes with AI — work-friendly one-liners for a fresh start to the week.
- [Happy Thursday Quotes Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/happy-thursday-quotes/): Generate motivational Thursday quotes with AI — short, memorable one-liners for the final push before the weekend.
- [Happy Wednesday Quotes Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/happy-wednesday-quotes/): Generate motivational Wednesday quotes with AI — short, memorable one-liners to beat the midweek slump.
- [Letter Writer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/letter/): Generate a complete letter with AI — a clear introduction, purposeful body and a strong closing, for any occasion.
- [LinkedIn Summary Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/linkedin-summary/): Generate a professional LinkedIn summary with AI — highlight your skills, achievements and experience, tuned to the tone and format you pick.
- [Paragraph Writer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/paragraph/): Generate a well-written paragraph on any topic with AI — coherent, on-tone and ready to drop into an essay, email or post.
- [Random Topic Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/random-topics/): Generate random, thought-provoking topics with AI — five diverse ideas, each with a short explanation, for writing prompts, debates or icebreakers.
- [Rap Lyrics Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/rap-lyrics/): Generate original rap lyrics with AI — a catchy hook, verses on your topic, and a flow to match your style.
- [Response Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/response/): Generate a thoughtful, well-tailored response with AI — for a message, a review, or any situation that needs a considered reply.
- [Sentence Expander](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/sentence-expander/): Expand a short sentence or phrase into a detailed, vivid passage with AI — same meaning and tone, with more description and flow.
- [Sentence Rewriter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/sentence-rewriter/): Rewrite a sentence with AI to improve its clarity, tone, or style — same meaning, better phrasing.
- [Serene Saturday Quote Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/serene-saturday-quotes/): Generate uplifting Saturday quotes with AI — casual, original one-liners celebrating the weekend.
- [Speech Writer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/speech-writer/): Generate a persuasive, memorable speech with AI — a strong opening, clear key points and a closing that lands.
- [Story Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/story/): Generate a captivating short story with AI — characters, plot and a satisfying ending, from whatever premise you give it.
- [Story Plot Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/story-plot/): Generate an original story plot with AI — conflict, characters and key twists, ready to outline a story or a scene.
- [Thoughtful Tuesday Quotes Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/thoughtful-tuesday-quotes/): Generate reflective, motivational Tuesday quotes with AI — original one-liners for personal growth and midweek momentum.
- [Topic Sentence Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-writer/topic-sentence/): Generate a clear, engaging topic sentence with AI — the opening line that introduces a paragraph's main idea, with a brief explanation.
- [Anagram Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/anagram-generator/): Find dictionary-word anagrams of a word or phrase — single-word matches or combinations of up to 3 words, using a bundled ~8,100-word English dictionary.
- [ANSI Terminal Color Code Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ansi-terminal-color-code-generator/): Generate ANSI/VT100 terminal escape codes for colored, styled text — pick a foreground/background color and style attributes (bold, underline, blink, etc.) and get the escape sequence plus a ready-to-run shell printf command.
- [API Signature Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/api-signature-generator/): Generate an HMAC-SHA256 signature from a message and secret key — the canonical-string signing pattern used by AWS-style and generic API request-authentication schemes. Output as hex or Base64.
- [Argon2 Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/argon2-hash-generator/): Generate a real RFC 9106 Argon2id, Argon2i, or Argon2d hash from a password or message, with configurable memory cost, iterations, and parallelism. Runs entirely in your browser — nothing is sent to a server.
- [ASCII Box & Table Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ascii-box-table-generator/): Turn CSV or tab-separated rows into an aligned ASCII table, drawn with Unicode box-drawing characters (┌─┬─┐) or plain ASCII (+, -, |). Auto-detects the delimiter and pads every column to a common width.
- [ASCII Text Art Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ascii-text-art-generator/): Turn short text into large ASCII-art banner letters using a built-in 5x5 block font. Supports A-Z and 0-9 (input is uppercased); unsupported characters render as blank space.
- [Barcode Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/barcode-generator/): Generate a scannable 1D barcode — EAN-13, EAN-8, UPC-A or Code 128 — as a crisp, scalable SVG with a correctly computed check digit. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Basic Auth Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/basic-auth-generator/): Generate an HTTP Basic Authentication header from a username and password — get both the Base64 token and the ready-to-use Authorization header line.
- [Bcrypt Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bcrypt-hash-generator/): Generate a bcrypt password hash with a configurable cost factor, and optionally check it against an existing hash. Runs entirely in your browser — nothing is sent to a server.
- [BIP39 Mnemonic Converter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bip39-mnemonic-converter/): Generate a random BIP39 mnemonic seed phrase, or validate an existing one and derive its entropy and seed.
- [Border Radius Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/border-radius-generator/): Generate a CSS border-radius declaration from one shared value or four independent corner values (top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left) in px, %, em, or rem — collapsed to the shortest valid shorthand.
- [Brand Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/brand-name-generator/): Generate brandable business names from your keywords — compound words, portmanteaus, Latin roots, playful blends and more, filtered by industry and naming style.
- [Business Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/business-lorem-ipsum-generator/): Generate corporate-buzzword filler text — an alternative to classic lorem ipsum built from business jargon like "leverage synergistic paradigms" and "streamline core competencies". Choose paragraph count, sentences per paragraph, and optional bullet points.
- [Campaign URL Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/campaign-url-builder/): Build a campaign tracking URL by appending UTM parameters (utm_source, utm_medium, utm_campaign, utm_term, utm_content) to a website URL, correctly URL-encoded for Google Analytics and other marketing platforms.
- [ChaCha20 Key Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/chacha20-key-generator/): Generate a cryptographically random ChaCha20 encryption key — a fixed 256-bit key, optionally with a 96-bit nonce, output as hex or Base64. Generated entirely in your browser and never transmitted.
- [Citation Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/citation-generator/): Generate a properly formatted APA, MLA, or Chicago style bibliographic citation for a website, book, or article from author, title, publisher, year, URL and access date.
- [Code Screenshot Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/code-screenshot-generator/): Paste code and generate a beautifully styled, syntax-highlighted screenshot — choose a theme, background, window chrome and line numbers, then export it as a PNG image.
- [Color Mixer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-mixer/): Mix two colors and get the blend plus every step between them in HEX, RGB and HSL. Choose sRGB, linear-RGB or perceptual OKLab mixing, set per-color opacity, and copy the matching CSS gradient.
- [Color Palette Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-palette-extractor/): Upload an image and extract its most dominant colors as a palette of copyable hex and RGB swatches.
- [Identicon / Avatar Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/identicon-generator/): Generate a unique, deterministic avatar from any seed string — a username, email, or ID. The same seed always produces the same symmetric pixel-grid identicon, GitHub-style, as a scalable SVG.
- [Color Swatch Sheet Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-swatch-sheet-generator/): Turn a list of hex colors (optionally named) into one combined, scalable SVG swatch sheet — a labelled grid you can copy or download as a single file. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Color Scheme Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-scheme-generator/): Generate a harmonious color palette from a base color — complementary, analogous, triadic, tetradic, split-complementary, or monochromatic — using HSL hue rotation. Get hex and HSL values for every color.
- [Color Tint & Shade Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-tint-shade-generator/): Generate a strip of tints (mixed toward white) and shades (mixed toward black) of a base color, with exact hex values for design systems and UI states.
- [Cookie Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cookie-builder/): Build a Set-Cookie HTTP header string from a cookie name, value, domain, path, max-age, and security flags (Secure, HttpOnly, SameSite) per RFC 6265.
- [CORS Headers Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cors-headers-builder/): Build the standard CORS response headers — Access-Control-Allow-Origin, -Methods, -Headers, -Credentials, -Max-Age and -Expose-Headers — from structured fields, ready to paste into a server response.
- [CRC Checksum Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/crc-checksum-calculator/): Calculate the CRC-32 or CRC-16/CCITT-FALSE checksum of any text — the same error-detection checksum used by ZIP, PNG, and Ethernet frames.
- [Credit Cards Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/credit-cards-generator/): Generate fake, Luhn-valid credit card numbers (with a made-up expiry and CVV) for testing payment forms and checkout flows — Visa, Mastercard, American Express and Discover. Not real payment credentials.
- [Cron Expression Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cron-expression-generator/): Build a valid 5-field cron expression by pasting one directly, or switch to simple schedule presets — every N minutes, daily, weekly, or monthly — without needing to know cron syntax. A plain-English description shows exactly what the expression runs.
- [CRC32 Checksum Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/crc32-checksum-generator/): Compute the CRC-32 (IEEE 802.3) checksum of any text or uploaded file — the same algorithm used by zip, gzip and PNG — as an 8-digit uppercase hex value.
- [CSR (Certificate Signing Request) Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csr-generator/): Generate an RSA private key (PEM) and a signed PKCS#10 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) to submit to a Certificate Authority. Set the subject (CN, O, OU, L, ST, C, email) and Subject Alternative Names (DNS/IP/email/URI); choose RSA 2048/3072/4096 and a SHA-2 signature hash. Generated entirely in your browser — the private key never leaves the page.
- [CSP Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csp-generator/): Build a Content-Security-Policy header value from structured directive fields (default-src, script-src, style-src, img-src and more) plus a ready-to-paste HTML meta tag.
- [CSS Box Shadow Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-box-shadow-generator/): Generate a CSS box-shadow declaration from offset, blur, spread, color and opacity values, with optional inset — copy the ready-made rgba() shadow into your stylesheet.
- [CSS Checkbox Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-checkbox-generator/): Generate a custom-styled CSS checkbox or toggle switch — pick a style, colors, size, corner radius and animation speed, and copy the ready-made CSS + HTML. Pure CSS, keyboard-accessible, no JavaScript.
- [CSS Clip-Path Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-clip-path-generator/): Generate a CSS clip-path declaration — circle, ellipse, inset, or a polygon shape (triangle, hexagon, star, arrow, and more) with a hand-editable custom point list — with a live preview of the clipped shape.
- [CSS Cubic Bezier Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-cubic-bezier-generator/): Build a CSS cubic-bezier() timing function from named easing presets (ease, ease-in-out, Material-style sine/quad/cubic/back curves…) or your own X1/Y1/X2/Y2 control points, with a live SVG curve preview. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [CSS Design Token Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-design-token-generator/): Generate a full 50-950 OKLCH color palette plus semantic CSS custom properties — primary, surface, border, ring, and more, with an optional dark-mode variant — from a single brand hex color.
- [CSS Filter Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-filter-generator/): Build a CSS filter declaration by combining blur, brightness, contrast, grayscale, hue-rotate, invert, opacity, saturate, and sepia sliders into a single chained filter property.
- [CSS Flexbox Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-flexbox-generator/): Build a CSS flexbox container rule from flex-direction, flex-wrap, justify-content, align-items, align-content, and gap controls — copy the ready-made .container {} block into your stylesheet.
- [CSS Glassmorphism Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-glassmorphism-generator/): Generate a frosted-glass CSS block — translucent rgba() background, backdrop-filter blur (with -webkit- prefix), a soft white border and a subtle shadow — from a color, opacity, blur and radius.
- [CSS Glitch Text Effect Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-glitch-text-generator/): Generate an animated CSS glitch text effect — chromatic RGB split, clipped bands, jitter or flicker — with your own text, colors, size, intensity and speed. Copy the ready-made CSS + HTML.
- [CSS Gradient Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-gradient-generator/): Generate a CSS linear, radial, or conic gradient declaration from a set of color stops — copy the ready-made background CSS into your stylesheet.
- [Aurora / Gradient Blob CSS Background Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-aurora-blob-generator/): Generate a soft, blurred 'aurora' CSS background from 2-5 colored radial-gradient blobs, with adjustable blur, positions and sizes, plus an optional drifting @keyframes animation. Copy the CSS or preview it live.
- [CSS Background Pattern Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-background-pattern-generator/): Generate a seamless repeating background pattern in pure CSS — dots, grids, stripes, checkerboards, waves and 3D cubes — with your own colors, scale and opacity. Copy the ready-made CSS rule and HTML snippet, no image file needed.
- [CSS Gradient Mesh Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-gradient-mesh-generator/): Generate a soft, multi-color "mesh gradient" CSS background from four corner colors layered as radial-gradients over a base color (or the same shape as SVG), with adjustable blend size, falloff, and an optional grain overlay.
- [CSS Grid Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-grid-generator/): Generate a CSS Grid container declaration — display: grid with equal-width columns, equal-height rows, and a gap — from simple column/row/gap controls.
- [CSS Keyframe Animation Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-keyframe-animation-generator/): Generate a CSS @keyframes animation from ready-made presets (bounce, shake, pulse, fade in, slide in, spin, swing, rubber band, flash, wobble) with duration, easing, delay, iteration count and direction — copy the keyframes plus the animation shorthand to apply it.
- [CSS Loading Animation Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-loading-animation-generator/): Generate a self-contained CSS+HTML loading spinner — ring or pulsing dots — with a custom color, size and speed. Pure CSS, no GIFs or JS required.
- [CSS Media Query Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-media-query-generator/): Generate a CSS @media query block from a breakpoint preset (or custom width) and a condition type — wraps your CSS rules in a ready-to-paste responsive block.
- [CSS Neumorphism Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-neumorphism-generator/): Generate soft-UI (neumorphic) CSS — a background color plus a pair of offset box-shadows, one lighter and one darker, in a raised (flat/convex) or pressed (concave) style — from a base color, distance, blur and border radius.
- [CSS Scroll-Driven Animation Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-scroll-driven-animation-generator/): Generate a native CSS scroll-driven animation — a @keyframes block wired to animation-timeline: view() or scroll() instead of a fixed duration — from ready-made presets (fade in, slide in, scale up, rotate in, reveal clip-path) with a configurable animation range.
- [CSS Transform Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-transform-generator/): Generate a CSS transform declaration combining translate, rotate, scale and skew into one ready-to-paste shorthand.
- [CSS Toggle Switch Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-switch-generator/): Generate a pure-CSS toggle switch — a real checkbox styled with :checked, no JavaScript. Set size, colors, radius and animation speed, pick a scoped class name, and copy accessible HTML + CSS.
- [CSS Triangle Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-triangle-generator/): Generate a pure-CSS triangle pointing in any of 8 directions — the classic zero-size border trick or a modern clip-path polygon — with your own width, height and color, plus the HTML snippet and an SVG preview. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [CUID2 Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cuid2-generator/): Generate collision-resistant CUID2 identifiers — lowercase letters and digits, always starting with a letter, with a configurable length and batch count. A real SHA3-512-based CUID2 implementation, computed entirely in your browser.
- [cURL Command Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/curl-command-builder/): Build a ready-to-paste curl command from a URL, HTTP method, headers, request body, Basic Auth, and common flags (-L, -k, -v, -i) — no manual shell quoting required.
- [Data URI Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/data-uri-generator/): Convert any uploaded file, or pasted text with a chosen MIME type, into a data: URI (data:<mime-type>;base64,<data>) — with byte-size stats for the original vs. encoded size, ready to embed inline in HTML, CSS or JSON.
- [Date Range Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/date-range-generator/): Generate a list of dates (or timestamps, at hour/minute granularity) between a start and end date, stepped by a configurable interval. Useful for building test data, populating a calendar, or scripting a batch job. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Directory Tree Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/directory-tree-generator/): Turn an indented file list or a set of slash-separated paths into a clean ASCII directory tree. Auto-detects the input format, supports box-drawing or plain-ASCII connectors, optional 📁/📄 icons, trailing folder slashes, and a compact layout.
- [DNA / RNA Sequence Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dna-rna-sequence-generator/): Generate random DNA or RNA sequences with a target GC content, or convert an input strand — complement, reverse complement, transcribe (DNA→RNA) and reverse transcribe. Outputs plain text or FASTA with base-composition stats.
- [DNS Zone File Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dns-zone-file-generator/): Generate a BIND-style DNS zone file from a domain, SOA settings, and a list of records (A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SRV, CAA). Handles TTL shorthand (1h/1d/1w), trailing-dot fully-qualified names, and SOA serial/refresh/retry/expire fields. Runs entirely in your browser — no DNS lookups.
- [Dockerfile Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dockerfile-generator/): Generate a production-ready single-stage Dockerfile from structured inputs — pick a base stack (Node, Python, Go, Java, Ruby, PHP, Rust, .NET, Nginx, or a custom image), then set WORKDIR, build ARGs, ENV vars, system packages, dependency install, build command, exposed ports, a non-root user, a HEALTHCHECK, and ENTRYPOINT/CMD in exec or shell form. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [ECDSA / Ed25519 Key Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ecdsa-ed25519-key-generator/): Generate an elliptic-curve key pair (Ed25519, ECDSA P-256/P-384/P-521, or secp256k1) as PEM (PKCS#8/SPKI), JWK, or raw hex, with the public key's JWK thumbprint. Generated in your browser and never transmitted.
- [EditorConfig Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/editorconfig-generator/): Generate a .editorconfig file from indent style, indent size, end-of-line, charset, and trailing-whitespace settings, plus optional per-language override blocks for Markdown, YAML, JSON, Python, Go, PHP, and more.
- [Email Signature HTML Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/email-signature-html-generator/): Generate a clean, inline-styled HTML email signature for Gmail, Outlook and Apple Mail. Enter your name, title, contact details, photo, logo and social links, then copy or download the ready-to-paste HTML.
- [Env Secrets Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/env-secrets-generator/): Generate cryptographically random secrets for your .env variables — hex, Base64, alphanumeric, or alphanumeric + symbols, at any length. Produces ready-to-paste KEY=value lines. Generated in your browser and never transmitted.
- [ESLint Config Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/eslint-config-generator/): Generate an ESLint config file — modern flat config (eslint.config.js) or legacy .eslintrc.json — from a framework preset (Vanilla, Node, React, Next.js, Vue, TypeScript), an optional style guide (Airbnb, Standard, Google, Prettier), language options, environments, and common rule toggles.
- [Fake Data Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fake-data-generator/): Generate realistic mock data — names, emails, UUIDs, phone numbers, addresses and more — as JSON, CSV or NDJSON. Define your own schema of named fields and row count for seeding databases, testing and demos.
- [Fake Email Address Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fake-email-address-generator/): Generate realistic-looking fake email addresses for testing, demos and sample data. Choose the local-part format, a popular or custom domain, how many to create, and export as a plain list, CSV or JSON.
- [Fake IBAN Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fake-iban-generator/): Generate fake but structurally valid IBANs for testing — correct country length, correct SWIFT-registry BBAN format and real ISO 7064 check digits, for 77 countries. Optional seed for reproducible fixtures. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Fake IP Address Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fake-ip-address-generator/): Generate random, valid IPv4 or IPv6 addresses from any RFC range — public, RFC 1918 private, loopback, CGNAT, link-local, multicast, documentation or ULA. Optionally append a CIDR suffix and dedupe. Great for test data, mock configs and QA.
- [Favicon Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/favicon-generator/): Turn an uploaded image into a complete, modern favicon package — favicon.ico, an Apple touch icon, and Android icons — bundled into one .zip. Free and private, entirely in your browser.
- [Fake Tweet Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fake-tweet-generator/): Generate a realistic fake tweet image — name, @handle, verified badge, avatar, text, date and reply/retweet/like counts — in light, dim or dark mode, and download it as SVG.
- [Fibonacci Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fibonacci-generator/): Generate Fibonacci, Lucas, Tribonacci and Pell sequences by term count or up to a maximum value, with custom starting values. See golden-ratio convergence and check whether any number is a Fibonacci number.
- [Font Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/font-generator/): Turn plain text into dozens of copy-paste fancy fonts — bold, italic, cursive script, fraktur, small caps, upside-down, circled, strikethrough and more — using Unicode look-alike glyphs that work in bios, usernames and messages.
- [Font Modular Scale Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/font-modular-scale-generator/): Generate a harmonious typographic modular scale from a base font size and a ratio (major third, golden ratio, perfect fifth, or a custom value). Get a full step table plus ready-to-paste CSS custom properties, SCSS variables, a Tailwind fontSize config, or JSON.
- [Git Unified Diff Patch Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/git-unified-diff-patch-generator/): Compare two blocks of text and generate a Git-style unified diff (.patch) with proper @@ hunk headers, using a Myers diff algorithm. Configure context lines and the a/b file paths.
- [GitHub Actions Workflow Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/github-actions-workflow-generator/): Generate a ready-to-commit GitHub Actions CI workflow (.github/workflows/*.yml) from your stack and options — pick a language (Node.js, Python, Go, Rust, PHP, Ruby, Java, or .NET), a version and OS matrix, trigger events (push / pull_request / schedule / workflow_dispatch), lint/test/build steps, an optional deploy job, dependency caching and concurrency. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Gitignore Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gitignore-generator/): Generate a .gitignore file by selecting the platforms, languages, frameworks, IDEs and tools your project uses — Node, Python, Java, Go, Rust, macOS, Windows, VS Code, JetBrains, Terraform, Docker and more. Merges the chosen templates, de-duplicates repeated patterns, and lets you append custom rules.
- [Google Review Link Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/google-review-link-generator/): Turn a Google Place ID — or any Google Maps URL containing one — into a direct 'write a review' link that opens the review box in one click. Also generates read-reviews and Maps links, a copy-paste HTML button, and a scannable QR code, entirely in your browser.
- [Gradient Text CSS Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gradient-text-css-generator/): Generate CSS for gradient text — a linear or radial gradient clipped to the glyphs via background-clip: text (with the -webkit- prefix) and a transparent fill. Copy the ready-made class or inline snippet.
- [Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hash-generator/): Generate a cryptographic hash (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA3-256, SHA3-512, RIPEMD-160) of any text, in hex or base64, and optionally verify it against an expected hash.
- [HMAC Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hmac-generator/): Generate an HMAC (hash-based message authentication code) from a message and secret key using MD5, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA3-256, SHA3-512 or RIPEMD-160, in hex or base64, and optionally verify it against an expected HMAC.
- [HSTS Preload Header Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hsts-preload-header-generator/): Generate a Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) response header from max-age, includeSubDomains and preload, and check whether it meets hstspreload.org's preload-list submission requirements.
- [.htaccess Rule Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/htaccess-rule-generator/): Generate a ready-to-use Apache .htaccess snippet by toggling common rules: force HTTPS, www/non-www canonicalization, disable directory listing, block sensitive files, prevent image hotlinking, a custom 404 page, gzip compression and browser caching.
- [HTML Email Template Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-email-template-generator/): Generate a responsive, email-client-safe HTML template (table-based layout with inline styles) from a header, body copy, a call-to-action button, a footer and brand colours. Copy the ready-to-send HTML or preview it live.
- [HTML Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/): Generate a single HTML element with AI — describe what you need (a rounded submit button, a required email input) and get ready-to-use HTML, CSS and a minified combined snippet.
- [HTML Button Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/button/): Generate a <button> element — set the button text, type, and click behavior, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Checkbox Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/checkbox/): Generate a labeled checkbox — set the name, label, value, and default checked state, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Iframe Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/iframe/): Generate an <iframe> — set the source URL, title, size, and loading/referrer/fullscreen options, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Image Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/image/): Generate an <img> tag — set the source, alt text, size, alignment, and loading behavior, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Color Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-color/): Generate an <input type="color"> field — set the name, label, and default color, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Date & Time Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-date-time/): Generate a date, time, or datetime-local <input> field — set the name, label, type, and range, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Email Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-email/): Generate an <input type="email"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, and validation, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input File Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-file/): Generate an <input type="file"> field — set the name, label, accepted file types, and whether multiple files are allowed, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Image Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-image/): Generate an <input type="image"> graphical submit button — set the image source, alt text, and form-submission options, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Number Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-number/): Generate an <input type="number"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, and min/max/step, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Password Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-password/): Generate an <input type="password"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, and validation, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Range Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-range/): Generate an <input type="range"> slider — set the name, label, min/max/step and default value, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Search Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-search/): Generate an <input type="search"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, and validation, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Submit Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-submit/): Generate an <input type="submit"> button — set the button text and form-submission overrides (action, method, encoding, target), then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Tel Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-tel/): Generate an <input type="tel"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, and validation, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input Text Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-text/): Generate an <input type="text"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, and validation, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Input URL Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/input-url/): Generate an <input type="url"> field — set the name, label, placeholder, validation and more, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Progress Bar Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/progress/): Generate a <progress> bar — set the max/current value, an optional label, and indeterminate (loading) mode, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Radio Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/radio/): Generate a 2-option radio button group — set the shared name and each option's label/value, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [HTML Textarea Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-generator/textarea/): Generate a <textarea> field — set the name, placeholder, default content, size, and validation, then copy the ready-to-use HTML. Free, instant, no AI involved.
- [SERP Simulator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/google-serp-snippet-simulator/): Preview how your page's title and meta description will appear in Google search results, on desktop and mobile, with real Arial pixel-width measurements showing exactly where each one gets truncated.
- [Hreflang Tag Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hreflang-generator/): Generate hreflang tags for a multilingual site from a list of locale and URL pairs. Outputs HTML link tags, XML sitemap entries or an HTTP Link header, and flags duplicate locales, bad language codes and relative URLs.
- [HTML Meta Tag Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-meta-tag-generator/): Generate SEO and social meta tags for your page's <head>: title, description, keywords, author, canonical URL, robots directive, theme color, plus Open Graph and Twitter Card tags for rich link previews. Copy or download the ready-to-paste HTML.
- [htpasswd Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/htpasswd-generator/): Generate an Apache .htpasswd line (user:hash) for HTTP Basic Auth, using Apache's $apr1$ MD5, {SHA} SHA-1, or traditional crypt. Hashed in your browser — the password is never sent anywhere.
- [HTTP Request Header Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/http-request-header-builder/): Build HTTP request headers from a simple Header-Name: value list, then export them as a raw header block, a ready-to-run curl command, and a JavaScript fetch() snippet — pick the HTTP method and target URL for a full request preview.
- [ICS Calendar Event Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ics-calendar-event-generator/): Generate a downloadable .ics (iCalendar / RFC 5545) file from event details — title, start and end date-time, all-day toggle, location, description, timezone and organizer. Import the result into Google Calendar, Outlook, or Apple Calendar. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Image Placeholder Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-placeholder-generator/): Generate a placeholder image as scalable SVG — a solid or gradient background with centered dimension text or your own custom text, plus an optional border.
- [IMEI Number Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imei-number-generator/): Generate synthetic, Luhn-valid 15-digit IMEI numbers for QA and testing - test databases, form validation and mock device records. Pick a manufacturer (or Random) and how many to produce. Not real device identifiers.
- [Invisible Character Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/invisible-character-generator/): Generate copyable invisible Unicode characters — zero-width space, word joiner, braille blank, Hangul filler and more — with an escaped preview so you can see exactly what you're copying.
- [IPv6 ULA Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv6-ula-generator/): Generate a random IPv6 Unique Local Address (ULA) per RFC 4193 — an fd00::/8 prefix with a random 40-bit Global ID and your chosen 16-bit Subnet ID, as both a /64 address and the /48 site prefix.
- [Schema Markup Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/schema-markup-generator/): Generate schema.org JSON-LD structured data for Article, FAQ, Product, Recipe, Event, Local Business, How-to, Job Posting and more — with a checklist of the properties Google needs for the rich result.
- [JSON Schema Sample Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-schema-sample-generator/): Generate example JSON data from a JSON Schema — for API docs, mock responses and test fixtures. Seeded, so the same schema and seed always produce identical output. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [TOTP/HOTP Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/totp-hotp-generator/): Build a TOTP/HOTP otpauth:// provisioning URI (RFC 6238 / RFC 4226) from a Base32 secret, issuer and account name — the same payload a 2FA setup QR code encodes — plus a preview of the current code.
- [TypeScript Enum Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/typescript-enum-generator/): Turn a pasted list of values into a TypeScript enum, const enum, as-const object, or union type. Auto-sanitizes member names into valid identifiers (handles spaces, punctuation, and digit-leading values), picks a key casing style, and can add JSDoc comments, a type guard, a values array, or a reverse-lookup map.
- [JWK / JWK Set Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jwk-set-generator/): Generate a JSON Web Key (JWK, RFC 7517) and a JWK Set ({"keys":[...]}) for OAuth 2.0 / OIDC. Supports EC (P-256/P-384/P-521/secp256k1), Ed25519 (OKP), and symmetric oct keys, with optional kid, use, and alg. Generated in your browser and never transmitted.
- [JWT Encoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jwt-encoder/): Build and HMAC-sign a JSON Web Token (JWT) from a header JSON, payload JSON and secret key. Supports HS256, HS384 and HS512; base64url-encodes each part and signs entirely in your browser.
- [KSUID Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ksuid-generator/): Generate KSUIDs (K-Sortable Unique Identifiers) — 27-character, Base62, naturally time-sortable IDs with a 4-byte timestamp and 16 bytes of cryptographically-random payload. Batch-generate, pin the timestamp, or supply a fixed payload for reproducible output, all in your browser.
- [Kubernetes ConfigMap & Secret Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/kubernetes-configmap-secret-generator/): Generate a valid Kubernetes ConfigMap or Secret YAML manifest from a name, optional namespace, labels and KEY=value pairs. Secrets support base64-encoded data: or plain-text stringData: and selectable types (Opaque, TLS, dockerconfigjson, …). Runs entirely in your browser — secret values never leave the page.
- [Kustomize kustomization.yaml Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/kustomize-generator/): Build a valid Kubernetes Kustomize kustomization.yaml from simple form fields — resources, namespace, name prefix/suffix, common labels and annotations, image and replica overrides, ConfigMap/Secret generators, and patches. Emits clean, 2-space-indented YAML.
- [List Randomizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/list-randomizer/): Shuffle any list into a random order with an unbiased Fisher-Yates shuffle. Paste or upload your items, pick the separator, optionally drop duplicates, and get the randomized list back instantly.
- [Lorem Ipsum Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/lorem-ipsum-generator/): Generate classic lorem ipsum placeholder text by paragraph, sentence or word. Choose how many units you need and get plain text or HTML-ready paragraphs to drop into a mockup, layout or CMS.
- [LaTeX Equation Renderer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/latex-equation-renderer/): Render a LaTeX / TeX math expression into ready-to-use HTML. Type an equation and get the KaTeX markup you can copy into any page, plus a live preview. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Maze Generator (SVG)](https://iotools.cloud/tool/maze-generator-svg/): Generate a random perfect maze as a scalable SVG. Choose Recursive Backtracker, Prim's or Kruskal's, set the grid size, cell size, wall thickness and colours, add a solution path, and reproduce any maze from a seed.
- [Merkle Tree Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/merkle-tree-generator/): Build a Merkle tree from a list of leaves and compute its Merkle root using SHA-256, SHA-1 or Keccak-256. Choose UTF-8 or hex leaf encoding, the Bitcoin duplicate-last or promote odd-node rule, and raw or OpenZeppelin sorted pair concatenation.
- [Mermaid Diagram Renderer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mermaid-diagram-renderer/): Write Mermaid syntax and get a live flowchart, sequence diagram, Gantt chart, or class diagram rendered as SVG — right in your browser. Export SVG or PNG.
- [Mock HTTP Response Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mock-http-response-builder/): Build a raw HTTP response — status line, headers and body — from simple fields. Pick a status code, choose a body type (JSON, HTML, XML, plain text or form), auto-add Content-Type and Content-Length, and copy or download the full response for API mocking and testing.
- [Name Picker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-picker/): Paste your own list of names or items and randomly pick one or more — for raffles, giveaways, who-goes-first decisions and classroom picks — or split the list into random, evenly-sized teams.
- [Nano ID Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/nanoid-generator/): Generate Nano IDs — tiny, secure, URL-friendly unique string IDs. Pick a length, count, and alphabet (URL-safe, alphanumeric, numeric, hex, no-look-alikes, or a custom set), and export as plain text, a JSON array, or CSV. IDs are built from a cryptographically-secure random source, entirely in your browser.
- [Nginx Server Block Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/nginx-server-block-generator/): Generate an nginx server block (virtual host) from structured inputs — server name and aliases, listen port, static-file or reverse-proxy mode, SSL/TLS with HTTP→HTTPS redirect and HSTS, gzip compression, client_max_body_size, and access/error log paths. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Nonce Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/nonce-generator/): Generate cryptographically-random nonces (numbers used once) for CSP headers, OAuth/OIDC state parameters, CSRF tokens, session IDs and API idempotency keys — in hex, Base64, Base64url, alphanumeric or decimal-array format. Created in your browser with a CSPRNG and never transmitted.
- [Number Sequence Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/number-sequence-generator/): Generate arithmetic and geometric number sequences by a common difference or ratio — either the first N terms or every value up to an end value. Choose separators and pad with leading zeros.
- [Numeronym Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/numeronym-generator/): Generate numeronyms from words by keeping the first and last letter and replacing the middle letters with their count — turn 'internationalization' into 'i18n', 'kubernetes' into 'k8s', or 'accessibility' into 'a11y'. Handles single words or whole paragraphs and runs entirely in your browser.
- [OAuth Authorization URL Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/oauth-authorization-url-builder/): Build an OAuth 2.0 / OpenID Connect authorization-request URL from an authorization endpoint (or provider preset), client_id, redirect_uri, response_type and scopes — with optional PKCE code_challenge (S256), state and nonce parameters generated by a CSPRNG in your browser.
- [OTP Code Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/otp-code-generator/): Generate TOTP (time-based, RFC 6238) and HOTP (counter-based, RFC 4226) one-time passcodes from a Base32 secret — the same 2FA codes an authenticator app produces, computed entirely in your browser.
- [package.json Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/package-json-generator/): Generate a new package.json from form fields: name, version, description, author, license, ESM/CJS module type, entry point, Node engine, keywords, repository URL, scripts, dependencies and devDependencies. Outputs properly ordered, valid JSON ready to drop into a new project.
- [Passphrase Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/passphrase-generator/): Generate strong, memorable passphrases from random dictionary words. Choose the number of words, a separator, and optional capitalization or numbers. Built in your browser with a cryptographic RNG and never transmitted.
- [PBKDF2 Key Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pbkdf2-key-generator/): Derive a key from a password and salt using PBKDF2-HMAC (SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512) with a configurable iteration count and key length. Salt is randomly generated by default; output is shown in hex and base64.
- [Pi Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pi-generator/): Generate digits of Pi (π) to a chosen precision, up to 10,000 digits after the decimal point.
- [PKCE Code Verifier & Challenge Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pkce-code-verifier-challenge-generator/): Generate an OAuth 2.0 PKCE code_verifier (a random 43-128 character string) and its code_challenge — base64url(SHA-256(verifier)) for S256, or the verifier itself for plain — per RFC 7636, using a CSPRNG in your browser.
- [Prettier Config Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/prettier-config-generator/): Generate a Prettier configuration file — JSON (.prettierrc.json), YAML (.prettierrc.yaml), a JS module (prettier.config.mjs/cjs), or a package.json "prettier" key — from core options (printWidth, tabWidth, quotes, semicolons, trailing commas), JSX and Markdown/HTML options, and per-language overrides.
- [PWA Web App Manifest Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pwa-web-app-manifest-generator/): Generate a manifest.json for a Progressive Web App: name, short name, description, start URL, scope, display mode, orientation, theme/background colors, icon set, and categories. Copy or download a ready-to-use manifest plus the HTML <link> tag.
- [SSH Key Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ssh-key-generator/): Generate a real SSH keypair (Ed25519, ECDSA P-256, or ECDSA P-384) in native OpenSSH format, with SHA-256 and MD5 fingerprints. Generated in your browser and never transmitted.
- [MD5 Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/md5-hash-generator/): Generate the MD5 hash of any text, in hexadecimal or base64, and optionally verify it against an expected hash.
- [ImageKit](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/): A collection of browser-based photo effects — sepia, sharpen, and more — ported from the legacy ImageKit toolset.
- [Blur Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/blur-image/): Soften a photo with a Gaussian or motion blur — adjustable strength and direction, entirely in your browser.
- [Brownie Photo](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/brownie-photo/): Give a photo a warm, aged Brownie-camera look — adjustable contrast, vignette, film grain and aged paper tint, entirely in your browser.
- [Change Contrast](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/change-contrast/): Increase or decrease a photo's contrast — adjustable intensity, entirely in your browser.
- [Clip Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/clip-image/): Clip a photo's color channels to a value range with a gamma-boosted contrast — entirely in your browser.
- [Color Emboss Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/color-emboss-effect/): Give a photo emboss-like depth while keeping its original colors — adjustable angle and amount, entirely in your browser.
- [Colorize Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/colorize-image/): Tint a photo toward a chosen color — grayscale first, then a screen-blend colorize pass with adjustable intensity, entirely in your browser.
- [Darken Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/darken-image/): Darken a photo by a set amount — a simple brightness reduction, entirely in your browser.
- [Duotone Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/duotone-effect/): Recolor a photo with a two-tone shadow/highlight gradient — pick your colors, adjust brightness and contrast, entirely in your browser.
- [Emboss Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/emboss-effect/): Give a photo a raised, embossed look with a directional light angle — adjustable angle and amount, entirely in your browser.
- [Flip Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/flip-image/): Mirror a photo horizontally, vertically, or both — entirely in your browser.
- [Glow Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/glow-effect/): Give a photo a soft, luminous glow — boosted brightness, contrast, saturation and gamma, adjustable intensity, entirely in your browser.
- [Grayscale Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/grayscale-image/): Convert a photo to grayscale — with adjustable brightness, contrast and gamma, entirely in your browser.
- [Invert Colors](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/invert-colors/): Invert a photo's colors to a full negative — entirely in your browser.
- [Kodachrome Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/kodachrome-effect/): Apply a vintage Kodachrome film look to a photo — adjustable intensity, contrast and color vibrance, entirely in your browser.
- [Merge Images](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/merge-images/): Combine 2-4 photos into one image — side by side, stacked, or in a grid, with an optional border — entirely in your browser.
- [Pixelate Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/pixelate-image/): Apply a blocky, retro pixelation effect to a photo — adjustable block size, entirely in your browser.
- [Polaroid Photo](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/polaroid-photo/): Frame a photo like a classic Polaroid — white border, vignette, contrast and saturation, a touch of rotation, entirely in your browser.
- [Posterize Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/posterize-effect/): Reduce a photo to a small number of color levels per channel for a bold, poster-like look — adjustable levels, entirely in your browser.
- [Rotate Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/rotate-image/): Rotate a photo by any angle, zoom and pad it, and optionally enlarge the canvas to fit — entirely in your browser.
- [Sepia Tone](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/sepia-tone/): Apply a warm, vintage sepia tone to a photo — adjustable intensity, brightness and contrast, entirely in your browser.
- [Sharpen Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/sharpen-image/): Sharpen a photo's edges and fine detail — adjustable intensity, entirely in your browser.
- [Solarize Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/solarize-effect/): Apply a solarize effect to a photo — invert tones past an adjustable threshold, entirely in your browser.
- [Threshold Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/threshold-image/): Reduce a photo to pure black and white with an adjustable brightness cutoff, entirely in your browser.
- [Tilt Shift Effect](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/tilt-shift-effect/): Give a photo a miniature-model look with a soft focus band and blurred surroundings — adjustable blur, focus size, position and orientation, entirely in your browser.
- [Vintage Photo](https://iotools.cloud/tool/imagekit/vintage-photo/): Give a photo a faded, sun-bleached vintage look — adjustable tint intensity, contrast, fade and vignette, entirely in your browser.
- [SHA Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha-hash-generator/): Generate a SHA hash (SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, SHA3-256, SHA3-512) of any text, in hexadecimal or base64, and optionally verify it against an expected hash.
- [MAC Address Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mac-address-generator/): Generate random MAC addresses in bulk — optionally locked to a vendor prefix (OUI) — with a colon, hyphen or period separator and upper- or lowercase output.
- [AI Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/): Generate original names for characters, places, brands or projects with AI — set the complexity, the length and how many you need, and steer the theme in your own words.
- [Aarakocra Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/aarakocra-names/): Generate avian Aarakocra names with AI — wind-swept, tribal and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, homebrew and fantasy worldbuilding.
- [Aasimar Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/aasimar-names/): Generate celestial Aasimar names with AI — divine, otherworldly and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Album Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/album-names/): Generate creative, evocative album names with AI — poetic, provocative and explained. Perfect for musicians, bands and concept records.
- [Angel Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/angel-names/): Generate divine angel names with AI — celestial, meaningful and explained. Perfect for fantasy fiction, games and worldbuilding.
- [Animal Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/animal-names/): Generate fantastical creature names with AI — exotic, believable and explained. Perfect for fantasy fiction, games and worldbuilding.
- [Arabic Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/arabic-names/): Generate authentic Arabic names with AI — meaningful, culturally grounded and explained. Perfect for characters, worldbuilding and naming inspiration.
- [Baby Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/baby-names/): Generate meaningful baby names with AI — each with its origin and meaning explained. Steer the results towards a culture, a sound or a family tradition.
- [Bakery Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/bakery-names/): Generate charming bakery names with AI — warm, appetising and explained. Perfect for new shops, cafes and food-business branding.
- [Barbarian Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/barbarian-names/): Generate fearsome barbarian names with AI — powerful, tribal and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Blood Elf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/blood-elf-names/): Generate Blood Elf names with AI — elegant, arcane and rooted in Thalassian sound, each with its meaning explained. Perfect for Warcraft roleplay, fan fiction and RPG characters.
- [Blood Hunter Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/blood-hunter-names/): Generate Blood Hunter names with AI — dark, gothic and steeped in blood magic, each with a line of inspiration. Perfect for D&D characters and grimdark fiction.
- [Book Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/book-names/): Generate compelling book titles with AI — intriguing, memorable and genre-aware, each with a note on what it evokes. Perfect for novelists, authors and writing prompts.
- [British Girl Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/british-girl-names/): Generate British girl names with AI — spanning Anglo-Saxon, Norman, Celtic and modern traditions, each with its origin and meaning. Perfect for baby-naming, characters and fiction.
- [Cafe Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/cafe-names/): Generate catchy cafe names with AI — cozy, brandable and easy to remember, each with the idea behind it. Perfect for coffee shops, roasteries and small-business branding.
- [Changeling Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/changeling-names/): Generate Changeling names with AI — fluid, mutable and suited to a shapeshifter's many faces, each with a note on its flavour. Perfect for D&D characters and Eberron campaigns.
- [Chicken Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/chicken-names/): Generate chicken names with AI — funny, cute or punny for your backyard flock, each with the joke behind it. Perfect for hens, roosters and pet poultry.
- [Continent Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/continent-names/): Generate continent names with AI — evocative, map-ready and geographically believable, each with a note on the land it names. Perfect for fantasy worldbuilding, maps and fiction.
- [Country Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/country-names/): Generate names for fictional countries, lands and nations with AI — culturally resonant, evocative and explained. Perfect for worldbuilding, maps and fantasy fiction.
- [Couple Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/couple-names/): Generate cute couple names by blending two partners' names with AI — catchy, harmonious and explained. Perfect for ship names, nicknames and social handles.
- [Cow Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/cow-names/): Generate friendly, punny and classic cow names with AI — each with a line on why it fits. Perfect for dairy cows, pet cattle, farms and 4-H projects.
- [Dark Elf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/dark-elf-names/): Generate mysterious dark elf names with AI — melodic, shadowed and explained. Perfect for Skyrim, Elder Scrolls, Forgotten Realms and D&D characters.
- [Demon Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/demon-names/): Generate menacing demon names with AI — dreadful, lore-inspired and explained. Perfect for D&D villains, fantasy fiction, occult horror and games.
- [Discord Username Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/discord-names/): Generate catchy, available Discord usernames with AI — unique, readable and explained. Perfect for gaming handles, servers and new accounts.
- [Dragon Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/dragon-names/): Generate powerful dragon names with AI — elemental, ancient and explained. Perfect for D&D campaigns, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Dragonborn Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/dragonborn-names/): Generate Dragonborn names with AI — draconic, proud and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, both metallic and chromatic ancestry, and fantasy fiction.
- [Drow Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/drow-names/): Generate authentic Drow names with AI — exotic, house-bound and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, the Underdark and Forgotten Realms campaigns.
- [Druid Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/druid-names/): Generate mystical, nature-inspired druid names with AI — Celtic-rooted, meaningful and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Dwarf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/dwarf-names/): Generate sturdy dwarf names with AI — Norse-rooted, clan-worthy and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Elf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/elf-names/): Generate elven names for wood elves, high elves and dark elves with AI — melodic, meaningful, and explained. Perfect for D&D characters and fantasy fiction.
- [Fairy Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/fairy-names/): Generate enchanting, whimsical fairy names with AI — nature-woven, melodic and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and storytelling.
- [Fantasy City Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/fantasy-city-names/): Generate evocative fantasy city names with AI — each with a line of lore about the place it names. Built for worldbuilders, GMs and fantasy authors.
- [Fantasy Town Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/fantasy-town-names/): Generate charming fantasy town names with AI — evocative, geography-rooted and explained. Perfect for D&D settings, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Firbolg Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/firbolg-names/): Generate Firbolg names with AI — nature-bound, Celtic-flavoured and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [French Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/french-names/): Generate charming French names with AI — elegant, culturally grounded and explained. Perfect for characters, baby-name inspiration and worldbuilding.
- [German Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/german-names/): Generate authentic German names with AI — heritage-rooted, meaningful and explained. Perfect for characters, baby-name inspiration and worldbuilding.
- [Githyanki Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/githyanki-names/): Generate harsh, otherworldly Githyanki names with AI — militaristic, psionic and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Gnome Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/gnome-names/): Generate whimsical gnome names with AI — inventive, funny and explained. Perfect for D&D, Pathfinder and World of Warcraft characters.
- [Goblin Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/goblin-names/): Generate cunning, chaotic goblin names with AI — mischievous, memorable and explained. Perfect for D&D campaigns and fantasy fiction.
- [Greek Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/greek-names/): Generate authentic Greek names with AI — rooted in history and mythology, with each meaning explained. Perfect for characters, worldbuilding and baby-name inspiration.
- [Half-Elf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/half-elf-names/): Generate half-elf names with AI — blending elven melody with human grounding, each meaning explained. Perfect for D&D characters and fantasy fiction.
- [Half-Orc Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/half-orc-names/): Generate fierce half-orc names with AI — guttural orcish strength with a human edge, each explained. Perfect for D&D and Pathfinder characters.
- [Halfling Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/halfling-names/): Generate charming halfling names with AI — cheerful, homely and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, Pathfinder and cozy fantasy fiction.
- [Harry Potter Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/harry-potter-names/): Generate witch and wizard names with AI in the style of the Harry Potter universe — magical, distinctive and explained. Perfect for fan fiction and roleplay.
- [High-Elf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/high-elf-names/): Generate noble high-elf names with AI — elegant, melodic and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Human Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/human-names/): Generate human character names for D&D and fantasy fiction with AI — spanning cultures from the Sword Coast to Chult, each pronounceable, distinctive and explained.
- [Island Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/island-names/): Generate evocative island, atoll and archipelago names with AI — rooted in local culture and natural beauty, each catchy, pronounceable and explained. Perfect for worldbuilding and fiction.
- [Japanese Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/japanese-names/): Generate authentic Japanese names with AI — family name and given name, traditional and modern, each drawing on Japanese culture and mythology and explained.
- [Kenku Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/kenku-name-generator/): Generate kenku names for D&D with AI — onomatopoeic, borrowed-sound names true to the crow-folk's mimicry, each explained. Perfect for tabletop characters and fantasy fiction.
- [Kingdom Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/kingdom-names/): Generate majestic kingdom, empire and dynasty names with AI — steeped in history, myth and symbolism, each authoritative and explained. Perfect for fantasy fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Kitsune Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/kitsune-names/): Generate mystical Japanese kitsune fox-spirit names with AI — steeped in folklore, magic and the nine tails, each meaningful and explained. Perfect for fantasy fiction and tabletop characters.
- [Knight Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/knight-names/): Generate valiant knight names with AI — noble titles and European roots ringing with chivalry and honour, each explained. Perfect for medieval and fantasy fiction.
- [Kobold Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/kobold-names/): Generate kobold names for D&D with AI — draconic, tribal and pronounceable, each hinting at the kobold's role and explained. Perfect for tabletop characters and fantasy fiction.
- [Korean Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/korean-names/): Generate authentic Korean names with AI — family name plus given name, in Hangul and romanised form, each with its meaning explained. Perfect for characters, pen names and cultural research.
- [Last Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/last-names/): Generate realistic last names with AI — surnames spanning cultures and origins, each with its meaning explained. Perfect for characters, pen names and worldbuilding.
- [Legendary Creature Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/legendary-creature-names/): Generate legendary creature names with AI — grand, mythic and explained. Perfect for fantasy fiction, tabletop campaigns and worldbuilding.
- [Mage Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/mage-names/): Generate mystical mage names with AI — arcane, otherworldly and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and RPGs.
- [Mermaid Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/mermaid-names/): Generate enchanting mermaid names with AI — oceanic, melodic and explained. Perfect for fantasy fiction, games and worldbuilding.
- [Middle Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/middle-names/): Generate middle names with AI — each pairing naturally with the full name and explained. Perfect for expecting parents, characters and honouring family.
- [Norse Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/norse-names/): Generate authentic Norse names with AI — rooted in Viking naming conventions and mythology, each with its meaning explained. Perfect for characters, fiction and worldbuilding.
- [Orc Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/orc-names/): Generate fierce orc names with AI — harsh, guttural and explained. Perfect for D&D characters, fantasy fiction and RPGs.
- [Project Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/project-names/): Generate memorable project names with AI — each catchy, on-mission and explained. Perfect for codenames, initiatives, hackathons and product launches.
- [Realistic Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/random-names/): Generate random names for people with AI — any culture, any gender, each with its origin explained. Perfect for characters, test data and placeholder identities.
- [Restaurant Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/restaurant-names/): Generate catchy restaurant names with AI — each tied to your cuisine and explained. Perfect for cafes, bistros, food trucks and new dining concepts.
- [Roman Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/roman-names/): Generate authentic ancient Roman names with AI — following the praenomen, nomen and cognomen convention, each explained. Perfect for history, fiction and games.
- [Samurai Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/samurai-names/): Generate authentic Japanese samurai names with AI — each with its meaning and pronunciation explained. Perfect for characters, fiction and games.
- [School Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/school-names/): Generate distinctive school names with AI — each evoking learning and community, and explained. Perfect for fictional academies, real institutions and worldbuilding.
- [Ship Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/ship-names/): Generate evocative ship names with AI — traditional or modern, for any vessel, each explained. Perfect for boats, fiction, games and worldbuilding.
- [Song Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/song-names/): Generate catchy song titles with AI — matched to your lyrics, mood or genre, each explained. Perfect for songwriters, producers and playlist ideas.
- [Spanish Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/spanish-names/): Generate authentic Spanish names with AI — first names paired with two traditional surnames, spanning Spain's regions, with the meaning and origin of each explained.
- [Species Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/species-names/): Generate imaginative species names for alien life forms, mythical creatures and fantastical beings with AI — evocative, original, and explained. Perfect for worldbuilding and sci-fi.
- [Succubus Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/succubus-names/): Generate seductive, mysterious succubus names with AI — alluring, demonic and explained. Perfect for fantasy characters, horror fiction and tabletop campaigns.
- [Superhero Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/superhero-names/): Generate catchy superhero names with AI — powers hinted at, symbolism built in, and each one explained. Perfect for comics, games and original characters.
- [Tabaxi Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/tabaxi-names/): Generate Tabaxi names with AI — descriptive cat-folk phrases that capture a personality or life experience, each one explained. Perfect for D&D characters.
- [Team Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/team-names/): Generate distinctive team names with AI — memorable, unifying and explained. Perfect for sports squads, esports rosters, work groups and clubs.
- [Tiefling Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/tiefling-names/): Generate Tiefling names with AI — infernal, evocative and explained, blending harsh and melodic sounds. Perfect for D&D characters and fantasy fiction.
- [Troll Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/troll-names/): Generate troll names with AI — hulking, mythic and explained, from menacing to mischievous. Perfect for fantasy characters, games and folklore-inspired worlds.
- [Vampire Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/vampire-names/): Generate darkly alluring, immortal vampire names with AI — seductive, gothic and explained. Perfect for tabletop characters, urban fantasy and horror fiction.
- [Warforged Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/warforged-names/): Generate Warforged names with AI — mechanical, purpose-driven and explained. Perfect for D&D Eberron characters and construct NPCs.
- [Warrior Cat Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/warrior-cat-names/): Generate Warrior Cats names for cats and Clans with AI — nature-inspired, descriptive and explained. Perfect for fan fiction and roleplay.
- [Werewolf Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/werewolf-names/): Generate fierce werewolf names with AI — primal, mysterious and explained. Perfect for tabletop characters, urban fantasy and horror stories.
- [Witch Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/witch-names/): Generate mystical witch names with AI — atmospheric, powerful and explained. Perfect for tabletop characters, fantasy fiction and games.
- [Wizard Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/wizard-names/): Generate wizard names with AI — arcane, ancient-sounding and explained. Perfect for D&D spellcasters, fantasy fiction and games.
- [World Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/world-names/): Generate evocative names for fictional worlds and realms with AI — wondrous, memorable and explained. Perfect for worldbuilding, tabletop settings and fantasy fiction.
- [Yuan-ti Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/name-generator/yuan-ti-names/): Generate serpentine yuan-ti names with AI — hissing, Aztec-flavoured and explained. Perfect for D&D characters and snake-cult NPCs.
- [Password Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/password-generator/): Generate a strong random password of any length from 6 to 128 characters — choose uppercase, lowercase, numbers and symbols, and optionally exclude similar or ambiguous characters. Created in your browser with a cryptographic RNG and never transmitted.
- [Phone Number Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/phone-number-generator/): Generate realistic fake phone numbers for the US, UK, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, Japan, India and Brazil — in international, national or digits-only format, for testing forms and seeding data.
- [QR Code Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/qr-code-generator/): Generate a QR code as a crisp, scalable SVG — plain text, a phone number, a pre-filled email, or Wi-Fi credentials — with your own colours, quiet zone and error-correction level. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Batch QR Code Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/batch-qr-code-generator/): Generate a QR code for every line of a list — URLs, serial numbers, contact details, anything — tiled into one combined, scalable SVG you can copy or download in a single file. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Random Address Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-address-generator/): Generate random, realistic-looking street addresses — street number, street name, city, state/province and ZIP/postal code — for the US, UK, Canada, Australia or Germany. Fabricated test data only, not real locations. Great for form testing, seeding databases and mock fixtures.
- [Random Bitcoin Address Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-bitcoin-address-generator/): Generate random, syntactically-valid-looking Bitcoin addresses (Legacy P2PKH, P2SH, Bech32 SegWit, or Bech32m Taproot) for test data, fixtures, and UI demos. These are randomly generated — no private key exists for them, nobody controls them, and they hold no funds; never use one as a real receiving address.
- [Random Color Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-color-generator/): Generate one or many random colors, each shown with its hex, RGB, and HSL values. Optionally lock hue, saturation, or lightness ranges to bias results toward pastel, vivid, or dark palettes.
- [Random Email Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-email-generator/): Generate batches of fake, well-formed email addresses for testing, mockups and demos. Choose realistic-name or random-string local parts, a name format, and common, fictional or custom domains. Not real inboxes.
- [Random Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/): Pick random entries from any list — or shuffle the whole thing. The general-purpose randomizer behind the specialised pickers: paste anything, one item per line, and draw.
- [Random Number Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/numbers/): Generate one or many random numbers in any range — integers or decimals with configurable precision, with or without repeats. Great for draws, sampling and testing.
- [Random Animal Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-animals/): Pick random animals from across the globe, each with a photo. Great for drawing and writing prompts, classroom games, trivia and "guess the animal" icebreakers.
- [Random Birthday Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-birthday/): Generate random birth dates constrained by age range, month or zodiac sign — with the age and star sign of every result. Ideal for test data, characters and personas.
- [Random Celebrity Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-celebrities/): Pick random celebrities — actors, musicians, athletes and public figures — each with a photo. Great for charades, guessing games, drawing prompts and party icebreakers.
- [Random Food Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-foods/): Pick random dishes from cuisines around the world, each with a photo. Beat can't-decide-what-to-eat paralysis, plan themed dinners or find your next recipe to try.
- [Random MLB Team Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-mlb-teams/): Pick one or more Major League Baseball teams at random, each with the story behind its name. Handy for fantasy drafts, trivia nights and pick'em games.
- [Random Movie Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-movies/): Pick random movies from 500 acclaimed titles — poster, year, genre and IMDb rating included. End the what-should-we-watch debate or build a watchlist in one click.
- [Random Name Picker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-name-picker/): Draw one or more winners at random from a list of names — for giveaways, raffles, classroom picks and who-goes-first decisions. Paste or upload the list and pick.
- [Random NBA Team Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-nba-teams/): Pick one or more NBA basketball teams at random, each with the story behind its name. Handy for fantasy drafts, trivia nights and pick'em games.
- [Random NFL Team Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-nfl-teams/): Pick one or more NFL football teams at random, each with the story behind its name. Handy for fantasy drafts, trivia nights and pick'em games.
- [Random Object Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-objects/): Pick random everyday objects, each with a photo. Perfect for drawing and writing prompts, pictionary, improv games, scavenger hunts and memory training.
- [Random Team Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-team-generator/): Split a list of names into random, evenly-sized teams. Paste or upload the names, choose how many teams, and get a fair draw — no picking captains, no arguments.
- [Random US Zip Code Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-generator/random-us-zip-codes/): Generate random real US zip codes — optionally limited to one state — with the city, county and state each code belongs to. Useful for test data, sampling and geography games.
- [Random Pokémon Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-pokemon-generator/): Roll a random Pokémon team from the full Pokédex, filtered by generation, type and base stats (HP, Attack, Defence, Sp. Attack, Sp. Defence, Speed). Great for Nuzlocke runs, randomiser challenges and drafting a team you'd never have picked yourself.
- [Random Port Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-port-generator/): Generate random, unused TCP/UDP port numbers above the reserved range — pick from the registered or dynamic/private IANA ranges and skip ports common services already use.
- [Random Name Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-name-generator/): Generate random names from themed dictionaries — names, languages, adjectives, animals, colors, countries, Star Wars characters, Pokémon or music artists. Pick a dictionary, a count and a case style.
- [Yes or No](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yes-or-no/): Generate one or many random Yes/No answers — like a coin flip for decisions. Optionally bias the odds away from a fair 50/50 split.
- [React Native Shadow Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/react-native-shadow-generator/): Generate matching iOS shadow props (shadowColor, shadowOffset, shadowOpacity, shadowRadius) and the Android elevation for React Native from one depth value, with a live preview and copy-ready StyleSheet, style-object or boxShadow output.
- [README Badge Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/readme-badge-generator/): Generate shields.io-style SVG badges for GitHub READMEs — pick a preset (version, license, build, coverage...) or fully customize the label, message, colors and style, and get SVG, Markdown, HTML and a data-URL to copy.
- [Responsive Image srcset/sizes Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/responsive-image-srcset-sizes-generator/): Generate the srcset and sizes attributes for a responsive <img> tag from a base filename/URL pattern and a list of target widths — plus a ready-to-paste <img> tag with loading="lazy" and decoding="async".
- [Review Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/review-generator/): Generate realistic-looking placeholder product reviews — pick a category, rating distribution, and length, then export as plain text, JSON, CSV, or Markdown. For mockups, UI testing, and sample datasets.
- [RIPEMD-160 Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ripemd-160-hash-generator/): Generate the RIPEMD-160 hash of any text, in hexadecimal or base64, and optionally verify it against an expected hash.
- [Robots.txt Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/robots-txt-generator/): Generate a valid robots.txt file: a default rule group for all crawlers, an optional rule group for one specific bot (Googlebot, GPTBot, etc.), Crawl-delay, and one or more Sitemap URLs. Produces spec-correct output ready to copy or download.
- [Routing Number Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/routing-number-generator/): Generate random, checksum-valid fake ABA bank routing numbers for testing and development. Pick how many to create and an optional Federal Reserve district. For test data only — never real bank accounts.
- [RSS / Atom Feed Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rss-atom-feed-generator/): Generate a valid RSS 2.0 or Atom 1.0 feed from feed metadata and a simple key:value item list. Handles XML escaping, RFC 822 / RFC 3339 dates, categories, GUIDs and CDATA content — ready to serve or paste into a feed reader. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Sitemap XML Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sitemap-xml-generator/): Generate a sitemaps.org-compliant XML sitemap (or sitemap index) from a list of URLs, one per line. Supports per-URL lastmod/changefreq/priority via an optional CSV header row, plus global defaults, with proper XML escaping of query strings and special characters. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SPF / DKIM / DMARC Record Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/spf-dkim-dmarc-record-generator/): Generate SPF, DKIM and DMARC DNS TXT records for your domain — pick email providers for SPF, count DNS lookups against the RFC 7208 limit, build a DKIM record from a public key, and set a DMARC rollout policy.
- [RSA Key Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rsa-key-generator/): Generate an RSA public/private key pair — 2048, 3072 or 4096-bit — in PEM format, ready for SSH, TLS, JWT signing and more.
- [Share Links Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/share-links-generator/): Generate ready-to-use social share links for Facebook, X (Twitter), LinkedIn, Pinterest, Reddit, WhatsApp, Telegram, Tumblr, Weibo, VKontakte and email — no share widget or third-party script required.
- [Slug Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/slug-generator/): Turn any string into a clean, URL-safe slug — one per line for bulk conversion. Transliterates accents, strips special characters and joins words with a dash or underscore.
- [TFN Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tfn-generator/): Generate valid, random Australian Tax File Numbers (TFN) that pass the ATO modulus-11 checksum — sample data for testing forms, validators and test suites.
- [Token Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/token-generator/): Generate a random token — API key, session token, CSRF token or app secret — of 1 to 512 characters, from letters, numbers and symbols. Created in your browser with a cryptographic RNG and never transmitted.
- [vCard Contact File Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vcard-contact-file-generator/): Generate an RFC-compliant .vcf vCard contact file (version 3.0 or 4.0) from name, phone, email, address, and organization fields — ready to import into any contacts app.
- [VIN Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vin-generator/): Generate synthetic, checksum-valid 17-character VINs (Vehicle Identification Numbers) for QA and testing — test databases, VIN-field validation and mock vehicle records. Pick a region and model year, choose how many, and get VINs with a correctly computed ISO 3779 check digit. Not real vehicle identifiers.
- [WebAuthn Credential Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/webauthn-credential-generator/): Generate random, realistically-shaped WebAuthn credential IDs for testing and documentation, rendered as Base64url, Base64, hex and a decimal byte array — or decode a pasted Base64url credential ID into all four. Synthetic test data, generated in your browser with a CSPRNG; not a real passkey ceremony.
- [Webhook Test Payload Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/webhook-test-payload-generator/): Generate realistic sample webhook payloads for GitHub, Stripe, Shopify, Slack, Twilio and SendGrid — complete with provider-correct headers, HMAC signatures and a ready-to-run cURL command.
- [Weighted Random Picker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/weighted-random-picker/): Pick a random winner from a list where each item can carry a weight, so heavier items are more likely to be drawn. Enter one item per line as 'name:weight' (weight optional, defaults to 1), draw one or several winners with or without replacement, and see each item's exact probability.
- [Word Cloud Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/word-cloud-generator/): Turn any text into a word cloud — word frequency drives font size, with shape, palette, rotation and stop-word filtering options. Generates a self-contained SVG entirely in your browser.
- [Word Combiner](https://iotools.cloud/tool/word-combiner/): Combine two or more word lists into every possible combination (a Cartesian product). Great for brainstorming domain names, usernames, product names, or keyword lists — paste one word per line, pick a separator, and get every pairing back.
- [UUID Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/uuid-generator/): Generate RFC 9562 / RFC 4122 UUIDs — v4 (random), v1 (time-based), v5 (namespace + SHA-1), v7 (time-ordered) and the nil UUID — in bulk, upper or lower case. Generated in your browser with a cryptographic RNG.
- [Word Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/word-generator/): Generate random English words filtered by type (noun, verb, adjective, adverb), starting letters, and length.
- [Zalgo Text Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/zalgo-text-generator/): Turn plain text into glitchy, corrupted Zalgo text by stacking Unicode combining marks — control the chaos level and whether it bleeds above, through or below the line.
- [ULID Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ulid-generator/): Generate ULIDs — 26-character, Crockford Base32, lexicographically-sortable unique identifiers with a millisecond timestamp and 80 bits of cryptographically-random payload. Batch-generate as plain text, JSON, or YAML, entirely in your browser.
- [Roll The Dice](https://iotools.cloud/tool/roll-the-dice/): Roll one or many virtual dice, with any number of sides. Get the individual results plus the total and average, generated fresh every time.
- [Tarot Birth Card Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tarot-birth-card/): Find your Tarot birth card(s) from your date of birth. Uses the classic numerological reduction (month + day + year, digit-summed to a Major Arcana number) to reveal your birth card(s), their keywords and traditional meaning.
- [SVG Sprite Sheet Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-sprite-sheet-generator/): Combine multiple pasted SVG icons into a single sprite sheet using <symbol id> elements, each keeping its own viewBox. Emits the sprite markup plus ready-to-use <use> reference snippets (external file, inline, or CSS background).
- [SVG Wave Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-wave-generator/): Generate a decorative SVG wave — a section divider or hero background — from a chosen shape, amplitude, frequency, layers and colours. Copy the SVG, a CSS background-image snippet, or ready-to-paste HTML. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SVG Blob Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-blob-generator/): Generate organic SVG blob shapes for backgrounds, hero sections and logos. Control the edge count, growth and colors, fill with a solid or gradient, then copy the SVG or the CSS clip-path. Seeded, so the same seed always gives the same blob.
- [SHA-3 Hash Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha3-hash-generator/): Generate a FIPS-202 SHA-3 hash (SHA3-224, SHA3-256, SHA3-384, SHA3-512) of any text, in hexadecimal or base64, and optionally verify it against an expected hash.
- [Small Text Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/small-text-generator/): Turn plain text into Unicode small text — superscript, subscript, or small-caps lookalike characters you can paste into social-media bios, captions, and usernames.
- [Snowflake ID Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/snowflake-id-generator/): Generate unique 64-bit Snowflake IDs (Twitter, Discord, or Unix epoch) in decimal, hex, binary, JSON, or CSV — or decode an existing Snowflake ID back into its timestamp, machine ID, and sequence.
- [SQL CREATE TABLE Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sql-create-table-generator/): Generate a CREATE TABLE SQL statement from simple column definitions. Supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and SQL Server dialects with per-dialect type mapping, auto-increment, primary/foreign keys, and indexes.
- [SSH Config File Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ssh-config-file-generator/): Generate a ready-to-paste ~/.ssh/config Host block from a simple form — set the Host alias, HostName, User, Port, IdentityFile, ProxyJump, ServerAliveInterval, StrictHostKeyChecking and ForwardAgent/IdentitiesOnly options, plus a global Host * block. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SVG Filter Effects Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-filter-effects-generator/): Visually build an SVG <filter> — blur, hue rotate, saturate, drop shadow, turbulence, emboss and more — with a live preview on text, shapes or your own image, and copy the ready-to-use SVG and CSS. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SVG Loading Spinner Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-loading-spinner-generator/): Generate a self-contained animated SVG loading spinner — circle stroke, dual ring, dotted ring, pulse/bouncing dots, bar loader or ripple — with your own size, colours and speed. Copy the SVG or download it as a .svg file. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SVG Noise Texture Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-noise-texture-generator/): Generate a scalable SVG noise or grain texture using the native feTurbulence filter — pick fractal noise or turbulence, tune frequency, octaves, seed, contrast and opacity, in monochrome or a colour tint. Copy the SVG or download it.
- [SVG Pattern Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-pattern-generator/): Generate a seamless, tileable SVG background pattern — dots, stripes, grid, chevrons, hexagons, triangles, diamonds, crosses, waves, or checkerboard — with custom colours, spacing, stroke, opacity, and rotation. Copy or download the standalone SVG.
- [Tailwind CSS Color Scale Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tailwind-css-color-scale-generator/): Generate a Tailwind-style 50-950 color scale from any base hex color, interpolated in perceptually-even OKLCH space. Export as a Tailwind config, CSS custom properties, SCSS variables or JSON, in modern oklch() or classic hex.
- [tsconfig.json Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tsconfig-json-generator/): Generate a TypeScript tsconfig.json from form fields: target, module, moduleResolution, JSX, lib, project layout (rootDir, outDir, baseUrl, path aliases, include/exclude), and every strictness, linting, and emit/interop compiler option. Start from a preset (Node.js, React, Next.js, Library, Strictest) or build a custom config; output is commented, ready-to-drop JSONC.
- [Username Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/username-generator/): Generate unique, available-looking usernames from a base word or interest — adjective + noun combos, leetspeak, portmanteaus, prefixes and more, filtered by platform character limits (Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, Reddit, Discord, GitHub, Twitch, YouTube).
- [Random Number Wheel](https://iotools.cloud/tool/random-number-wheel/): Spin a colorful wheel to draw a random number from any range. Pick one at a time, keep or remove drawn numbers, and watch the pointer land — all in your browser.
- [Open Graph & Twitter Card Preview](https://iotools.cloud/tool/open-graph-twitter-card-preview/): Preview how your link will look when shared on Facebook, LinkedIn and X/Twitter. Edit the title, description and image, or paste your page's HTML to auto-fill, and copy ready-made meta tags.
- [QR Code Style Tool](https://iotools.cloud/tool/qr-style-tool/): Design a branded QR code with custom colours, rounded or dot module shapes and a logo in the centre, then download it as a high-resolution PNG — all in your browser.
- [Aztec Code Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/aztec-code-generator/): Generate an Aztec Code 2D barcode from text, a URL, or any short string — configurable error correction and module size, output as a scalable SVG. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Data Matrix Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/data-matrix-generator/): Generate a Data Matrix 2D barcode from text, a serial number, or any short string — square or rectangular symbol shape, configurable module size, output as a scalable SVG. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [PDF417 Barcode Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf417-barcode-generator/): Encode text, IDs, or shipping data into a PDF417 2D barcode — configurable error correction, columns, row height, and module scale, output as a scalable SVG. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [PGP Key Pair Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pgp-key-generator/): Generate an OpenPGP key pair (RSA or ECC Curve25519) for email encryption, code signing and identity verification — entirely in your browser. Your private key is never transmitted anywhere.
- [Open Graph Social Card Image Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/open-graph-image-generator/): Design and export a social share image (Open Graph / Twitter Card) with a title, description, gradient or solid background, and your choice of font — entirely in your browser, ready to use as og:image.

## Calculators

Crunch the numbers fast — from everyday math to specialized conversions and unit work. Free online calculators that run entirely in your browser.

- [1099 vs W2 Income Comparison Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/1099-vs-w2-income-comparison-calculator/): Compare annual take-home pay as a W2 employee vs a 1099 independent contractor for the same gross income — federal tax, self-employment tax, FICA, state tax, retirement, health insurance and business expenses, side by side.
- [3D Printing Filament & Time Estimator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/3d-printing-filament-time-estimator/): Estimate filament length, weight, cost and print time for a 3D print from its bounding-box dimensions, material and slicer settings — plus a cost comparison across 8 common filaments.
- [A/B Test Significance Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ab-test-significance-calculator/): Run a two-proportion z-test on your A/B test results. Enter visitors and conversions for a control and a variant to get the conversion rates, z-score, p-value, statistical significance, relative uplift and confidence interval.
- [ADC / DAC Converter Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/adc-dac-converter-calculator/): Calculate LSB step size, quantized ADC code and reconstructed DAC output voltage for any bit depth and reference voltage. Shows the code in decimal, binary and hex, plus quantization error and ideal SNR.
- [Age Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/age-calculator/): Calculate exact age in years, months and days between a date of birth and any date — plus total days, weeks, months, day of the week born, and a countdown to the next birthday.
- [Area of Square Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/area-of-square-calculator/): Calculate a square's area, perimeter and diagonal from its side length — area = side², perimeter = 4 × side, diagonal = side × √2. Pick any unit; it's carried through as a label, no conversion needed.
- [Aspect Ratio Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/aspect-ratio-calculator/): Simplify a width x height pair into its smallest whole-number aspect ratio (e.g. 1920x1080 -> 16:9), or solve a missing width/height from a known ratio like 16:9. Exact GCD math, no rounding drift.
- [Audio File Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/audio-file-size-calculator/): Estimate an audio file's size from its duration and format — uncompressed WAV/PCM (sample rate, bit depth, channels) or compressed MP3/AAC/OGG/FLAC at a given bitrate — with a byte/KB/MB/GB breakdown.
- [Bandwidth & Download Time Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bandwidth-download-calculator/): Calculate download or transfer time from a file size and connection speed — correctly converts bits (Mbps/Gbps) to bytes (MB/GB) and shows a human-readable time breakdown plus the effective transfer rate.
- [Battery Life / Runtime Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/battery-life-runtime-calculator/): Estimate how long a battery will power a device from its capacity (Wh or mAh + voltage) and the device's power draw, with a real-world usable-capacity derating factor.
- [Batting Average Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/batting-average-calculator/): Calculate a baseball or softball batting average from hits and at bats — AVG = hits ÷ at bats, rounded to the standard three decimal places.
- [Belt Length Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/belt-length-calculator/): Calculate the belt length for a two-pulley drive from the pulley diameters and centre distance, for open or crossed belts. Also reports the wrap (contact) angle on each pulley, the speed ratio, and — from a driver speed — the driven pulley speed and belt linear speed. Works in mm, cm or inches.
- [Bicycle Gear Ratio Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bicycle-gear-ratio-calculator/): Calculate bicycle gear ratio, gear inches, and development (distance traveled per pedal revolution) from chainring teeth, cog teeth, and wheel size — 700c, 650b, 26", 29er, or a custom diameter.
- [Big Integer Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/big-integer-calculator/): Add, subtract, multiply, divide, exponentiate, or find the modulo of integers of any size — beyond JavaScript's safe-integer limit — using exact arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
- [Bitwise Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bitwise-calculator/): Run AND, OR, XOR, NOT, left shift or right shift on two integers and see the exact decimal, hexadecimal and binary result — using arbitrary-precision BigInt math, with no 32-bit truncation.
- [Bitwise Shift Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bitwise-shift-calculator/): Left-shift or right-shift an integer — arithmetic/signed >> or logical/unsigned >>> — at a chosen bit width (8/16/32/64), showing the before/after binary pattern plus the decimal and hex result.
- [Black-Scholes Option Pricing Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/black-scholes-option-pricing-calculator/): Price European call and put options with the Black-Scholes-Merton model. Enter spot price, strike price, days to expiry, volatility, risk-free rate and dividend yield to get option prices, delta, gamma, theta, vega, rho, breakeven, intrinsic value and time value.
- [Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) Estimator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/blood-alcohol-content-estimator/): Estimate blood alcohol content from body weight, sex, standard drinks consumed and hours elapsed, using the Widmark formula. A rough educational estimate only — never a substitute for a breathalyzer, and never a basis for deciding whether to drive.
- [BMI Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bmi-calculator/): Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) from your weight and height in metric or imperial units, with instant WHO category classification (Underweight, Normal, Overweight, Obese).
- [Bolt Torque Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bolt-torque-calculator/): Work out the tightening torque for a bolted joint using T = K·F·d. Pick a thread size (ISO metric coarse/fine or UNC) and a property class (8.8, 10.9, 12.9, A2-70, SAE 5/8) and the preload is derived from proof load automatically, or enter a target clamp load directly. Results in N·m, lbf·ft, lbf·in and kgf·m, with the resulting bolt stress. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [BMR & TDEE Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bmr-tdee-calculator/): Calculate your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE) using the Mifflin-St Jeor equation, plus calorie targets for weight loss and gain based on your activity level.
- [Body Fat Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/body-fat-calculator/): Estimate body fat percentage from tape-measure circumferences using the US Navy method — no calipers needed. Get your body fat %, ACE category, and category range instantly.
- [Break-Even Point Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/break-even-point-calculator/): Calculate the break-even point for your business — units and revenue needed to cover fixed costs — from fixed costs, price per unit and variable cost per unit. Also shows contribution margin and contribution margin ratio.
- [Cache TTL Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cache-ttl-calculator/): Convert a cache TTL between seconds, minutes, hours, days and weeks, and generate the matching Cache-Control: max-age header with a human-readable duration breakdown.
- [CAGR Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cagr-calculator/): Calculate the Compound Annual Growth Rate between a start and end value over a number of years, or project a future value forward from a known CAGR.
- [Calorie Burn Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/calorie-burn-calculator/): Estimate calories burned during exercise from your activity, body weight and duration, using the standard MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) formula and published Compendium of Physical Activities values.
- [Carbon Footprint Estimator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/carbon-footprint-estimator/): Estimate your annual personal CO2e emissions from flights, car travel, home energy, diet and spending, broken down by category and compared against country per-capita averages, using published EPA/DEFRA/IPCC-style emission factors.
- [Churn Rate & Retention Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/churn-rate-retention-calculator/): Calculate customer churn rate and retention rate from customers at the start of a period and customers lost — with an optional annualized rate projection and net-new customer tracking.
- [Circle & Ellipse Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/circle-ellipse-calculator/): Calculate a circle's radius, diameter, circumference and area from any single known value, plus optional sector arc length and area — or an ellipse's area, perimeter (Ramanujan approximation), eccentricity, foci distance and semi-latus rectum from its semi-major/semi-minor axes.
- [Cloud Bandwidth Cost Estimator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cloud-bandwidth-cost-estimator/): Estimate monthly egress bandwidth costs across AWS, Google Cloud, Azure, Cloudflare, DigitalOcean and Backblaze B2 using tiered list pricing, with a side-by-side cost comparison.
- [Camera Depth of Field (DoF) Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/camera-depth-of-field-calculator/): Calculate a camera's depth of field from focal length, aperture, subject distance and sensor size. Get the hyperfocal distance, near and far focus limits, total depth of field, and which side of the subject has more DoF. Pure optics math — no camera or photo upload needed.
- [Compound Interest Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/compound-interest-calculator/): Project the future value of an investment with compound interest — pick a compounding frequency (annually to continuous), add optional monthly contributions, and see a year-by-year growth table.
- [Compression Ratio Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/compression-ratio-calculator/): Calculate the compression ratio between an original and compressed file size — with space saved, percentage saved, decimal ratio and a compression-quality rating.
- [Concrete Volume & Bags Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/concrete-volume-bags-calculator/): Calculate the concrete volume of a slab or footing from length, width and depth, and convert it into the number of premix bags to buy — for six standard US and metric bag sizes.
- [Confidence Interval Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/confidence-interval-calculator/): Calculate a confidence interval for a sample mean or a sample proportion. Enter your sample statistics and confidence level to get the point estimate, margin of error and interval bounds.
- [Container Garden Planner](https://iotools.cloud/tool/container-garden-planner/): Estimate how many plants fit in a round or rectangular container based on each plant's recommended spacing — pick from 25 common herbs, greens, vegetables and fruits.
- [CSS Specificity Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-specificity-calculator/): Calculate the CSS specificity of one or more selectors as an (A, B, C) triple — ID, class/attribute/pseudo-class, and type/pseudo-element counts — to debug why a style rule isn't winning.
- [Customer Lifetime Value Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/customer-lifetime-value-calculator/): Calculate Customer Lifetime Value (CLV / LTV) with the e-commerce model (average order value × purchases per year × lifespan) or the SaaS model (ARPU ÷ monthly churn), apply gross margin for net value, and compare against CAC for an LTV:CAC ratio and payback period.
- [Data Transfer Time Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/data-transfer-time-calculator/): Estimate how long a file takes to transfer over a given bandwidth, accounting for protocol overhead (TCP/UDP/HTTP) and real-world network efficiency — with a human-readable time, exact seconds, and the effective speed.
- [Date Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/date-calculator/): Add or subtract years, months and days from a date. Get the resulting date, its day of the week, ISO format, and the total number of days and weeks between the two dates.
- [Date Countdown Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/date-countdown-calculator/): Count down the days, hours, minutes and seconds until a target date and time — or the time elapsed since a past one. Optionally count only working days (Mon-Fri), and measure the span from any custom start moment.
- [Date Difference Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/date-difference-calculator/): Find the difference between two dates: total days, weeks, and a full years/months/days breakdown, plus weekend and business-day counts with optional US, UK, or Australian public-holiday presets and a configurable weekend.
- [DCA (Dollar-Cost Averaging) Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dca-calculator/): Simulate a dollar-cost averaging investment strategy — periodic contributions at a chosen frequency compounding over time — and compare the result against investing the same total amount as a single lump sum.
- [Debt Repayment Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/debt-repayment-calculator/): Calculate your monthly loan or debt repayment amount, total interest paid, and payoff timeline from principal, interest rate and term using standard amortization — and see how an extra monthly payment shortens the term and cuts interest.
- [Depreciation Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/depreciation-calculator/): Calculate asset depreciation with straight-line, declining balance, double-declining balance, or sum-of-years-digits methods, and see a full year-by-year schedule of depreciation expense and book value.
- [Dew Point & Humidity Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dew-point-humidity-calculator/): Calculate dew point, wet-bulb temperature, heat index, vapor pressure, absolute humidity, mixing ratio, specific humidity and moist-air density from temperature and relative humidity.
- [Discount & Markup Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/discount-markup-calculator/): Calculate sale price, profit margin, markup, discounts and stacked discounts. Five modes: markup, margin, discount, reverse discount, and stacked (compounded) discounts — with a full breakdown.
- [DNS Record TTL Expiry Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dns-record-ttl-expiry-calculator/): Paste DNS records (TYPE TTL name) and see exactly when each cached copy expires, the live countdown remaining, and the safe propagation window (TTL x 2). Includes an optional TTL-reduction schedule for planning migrations.
- [Docker Container Resource Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/docker-container-resource-calculator/): Calculate recommended CPU and memory requests and limits for Docker containers and Kubernetes pods. Pick a workload preset or enter custom values, cap them to your host capacity, and copy a ready docker run command and Kubernetes resources block.
- [DPI / PPI Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dpi-ppi-calculator/): Calculate a screen's pixel density (PPI) from its resolution and diagonal size — plus pixel pitch, aspect ratio, total megapixels, Android density bucket and a Retina check.
- [Electricity Cost Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/electricity-cost-calculator/): Estimate the running cost of any appliance from its wattage, daily usage hours, and your electricity rate — with daily/weekly/monthly/yearly energy and cost, plus a yearly CO2 estimate.
- [EMI Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/emi-calculator/): Calculate the monthly EMI on a loan, with a full amortization schedule, total interest and total repayment. Compare Reducing Balance vs Flat Rate, model extra or lump-sum prepayments to see interest and time saved, and put two loan offers side by side.
- [ERA Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/era-calculator/): Calculate a pitcher's earned run average from earned runs and innings pitched — ERA = (earned runs ÷ innings pitched) × 9, rounded to two decimal places.
- [ETA Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/eta-calculator/): Estimate when a batch of repetitive work will finish. Give a start time, how many units there are, and how long one unit takes — then optionally add break time, a buffer percentage, and constrain the estimate to working hours (9am-5pm) or exclude weekends.
- [EV Charging Cost Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ev-charging-cost-calculator/): Estimate what it costs to charge an electric vehicle from your battery size, start/target charge, and electricity rate — with a home vs public cost comparison, cost per mile/km, a monthly estimate, and Level 1/Level 2/DC-fast charging times.
- [Fibonacci Retracement Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fibonacci-retracement-calculator/): Calculate Fibonacci retracement and extension price levels from a swing high and swing low — the standard 23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8% and 78.6% pullbacks plus 127.2%, 161.8%, 200% and 261.8% extension targets, for uptrends and downtrends.
- [FIRE Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fire-calculator/): Calculate your Financial Independence / Retire Early (FIRE) number, how many years until you reach it, your savings rate, and Lean/Fat/Coast FIRE reference targets.
- [Floor / Tile Area Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/floor-tile-area-calculator/): Estimate floor area and the number of tiles and boxes to buy for a tiling project — accounting for grout gap, a wastage allowance and box rounding, for rectangular or L-shaped rooms in metric or imperial units.
- [Fuel Economy Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/fuel-economy-calculator/): Convert fuel economy between MPG (US/UK), L/100km and km/L, then estimate trip fuel cost, compare two vehicles side by side, and project annual fuel spend with a CO₂ emissions estimate.
- [GCD & LCM Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gcd-lcm-calculator/): Find the greatest common divisor (GCD/HCF) and least common multiple (LCM) of a list of integers, with an optional step-by-step Euclidean-algorithm walkthrough.
- [Gear Ratio Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gear-ratio-calculator/): Calculate gear ratio, output speed and output torque from driver and driven tooth counts. Handles compound multi-stage gear trains with a per-stage breakdown, applies a per-mesh efficiency to the torque, and reports the ratio as a decimal, as N:1 and as a speed change.
- [Geo Distance Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/geo-distance-calculator/): Calculate the great-circle distance between two latitude/longitude points in kilometers, miles, nautical miles, meters and feet, plus the initial compass bearing. Choose the Haversine (spherical) or Vincenty (WGS-84 ellipsoid) formula; coordinates accept decimal degrees or DMS.
- [GPA Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gpa-calculator/): Calculate your weighted grade point average (GPA) from a list of courses. Enter each course's letter grade and credit hours, one per line, and get your GPA, total credit hours and total quality points on the standard 4.0 (or 4.3) scale.
- [GPU VRAM Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gpu-vram-calculator/): Estimate the GPU VRAM needed to run or train a transformer / large language model. Enter parameter count, precision (fp16, int8, int4…), context length and batch size to break down weights, KV cache, activations, gradients and optimizer state, and check which GPUs it fits on.
- [Heart Rate Zone Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/heart-rate-zone-calculator/): Calculate your five heart rate training zones (Zone 1 to Zone 5) from your age, using the Haskell-Fox, Tanaka or Gellish maximum-heart-rate formula, plus the optional Karvonen heart-rate-reserve method for personalized zones from your resting heart rate.
- [Heat Index & Wind Chill Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/heat-index-wind-chill-calculator/): Calculate the 'feels-like' temperature from air temperature plus humidity (NWS heat index) or plus wind speed (NWS wind chill), in °F or °C, with a safety category and guidance.
- [Hours Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hours-calculator/): Calculate the duration between a start time and an end time — as hours and minutes, total minutes, and decimal hours. Handles overnight shifts that cross midnight.
- [Ideal Body Weight Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ideal-body-weight-calculator/): Calculate ideal body weight (IBW) from height and sex using the Devine, Hamwi, Robinson, Miller and Peterson formulas side by side, with body-frame adjustment, a range and midpoint, and a healthy BMI weight range.
- [Image Print Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-print-size-calculator/): Work out how big an image prints at a given DPI (print size = pixels / DPI, in inches, cm and mm), or reverse it to find the pixel dimensions needed for a target print size. Exact math from raw pixels and DPI.
- [Inflation Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/inflation-calculator/): Calculate how inflation changes the value of money over time. Enter an amount, a start and end year, and an average annual inflation rate to see the equivalent value, cumulative inflation and lost purchasing power, with a year-by-year breakdown. Works backward in time and models deflation with a negative rate.
- [Invoice Total Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/invoice-total-calculator/): Calculate an invoice's grand total from a subtotal, discount, tax and shipping. Choose whether the discount applies before or after tax to see exactly how the total is built up.
- [IPv4 Subnet Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv4-subnet-calculator/): Calculate an IPv4 subnet from an address and CIDR prefix (or dotted subnet mask). Returns the network and broadcast addresses, subnet and wildcard masks, CIDR notation, usable host range, total addresses and usable host count — with correct /31 point-to-point and /32 single-host handling.
- [IPv6 Subnet Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ipv6-subnet-calculator/): Calculate an IPv6 subnet from an address and prefix length: the network (prefix) address, first and last addresses, CIDR notation, and the exact total number of addresses — computed with BigInt so even a /0 count is precise.
- [Irregular Polygon Area Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/irregular-polygon-area-calculator/): Calculate the area and perimeter of any irregular polygon from its (x, y) vertex coordinates using the Shoelace formula. Enter one vertex per line as an x,y pair — supports any number of vertices (3+).
- [ISO Week Number Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/iso-week-number-calculator/): Find the ISO 8601 week number (1–53) and ISO week-year for any calendar date, plus the Monday–Sunday span of that week. Correctly handles year-boundary dates where the ISO week-year differs from the calendar year.
- [LED Resistor Value Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/led-resistor-value-calculator/): Calculate the current-limiting resistor for an LED from supply voltage, LED forward voltage, and forward current. Returns the exact resistance, the nearest standard E12/E24 value (rounded up), power dissipation, and a safe resistor wattage rating. Supports LED colour presets and multiple LEDs in series or parallel.
- [LLM API Cost Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/llm-api-cost-calculator/): Estimate the USD cost of an LLM API workload from input/output token counts and daily call volume, using published per-model list prices — with per-call, per-day, per-month and per-year projections and a side-by-side model comparison.
- [Loan Affordability Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/loan-affordability-calculator/): Estimate how large a loan you can afford. Enter your gross monthly income, existing debts, interest rate and term, and get the maximum loan amount, monthly payment and purchase price your debt-to-income (DTI) limits allow.
- [Loan-to-Value (LTV) Ratio Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/loan-to-value-ratio-calculator/): Calculate a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio from a loan amount and property value — LTV = loan ÷ value × 100. Shows down payment percent, home equity, PMI-required status (above 80% LTV) and a lender risk tier.
- [Macronutrient Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/macronutrient-calculator/): Split a daily calorie target into grams and calories of protein, carbs and fat using a diet preset (balanced, high-protein, keto, endurance or zone) or a custom macro ratio, with an optional per-meal breakdown.
- [Machining Speed & Feed Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/machining-speed-feed-calculator/): Calculate spindle speed (RPM), feed rate, feed per revolution and material removal rate for milling, in metric or imperial units — with starting cutting speeds and chip loads built in for 13 workpiece materials.
- [Math Evaluator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/math-evaluator/): Evaluate one or more mathematical expressions, one per line. Supports arithmetic, functions (sqrt, sin, cos, log), units (deg), and matrices via mathjs. Each line is evaluated independently and errors are reported per line.
- [Matrix Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/matrix-calculator/): Add, subtract, multiply, transpose, and find the determinant or inverse of 2×2 and 3×3 matrices — with exact fraction (rational) results or decimals rounded to 6 places.
- [Meeting Cost Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/meeting-cost-calculator/): Calculate the true cost of a meeting from the number of attendees, their average hourly rate, and the meeting length. Shows the total cost plus per-minute and per-hour burn rates and annual projections, in your chosen currency.
- [Modulo Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/modulo-calculator/): Compute modular arithmetic on integers: simple modulo (a mod n), modular addition, subtraction, multiplication, fast modular exponentiation (a^b mod n), and congruence checks (a ≡ b mod n), with a step-by-step breakdown. Uses the true mathematical modulo (always non-negative for a positive modulus).
- [Molar Mass Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/molar-mass-calculator/): Calculate the molar mass (molecular weight) of any chemical formula. Handles element symbols, parenthesized groups with multipliers like Ca3(PO4)2, and hydrates like CuSO4·5H2O, with a per-element mass breakdown. Uses IUPAC 2021 standard atomic weights.
- [Moon Phase Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/moon-phase-calculator/): Find the moon phase for any date: phase name (New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon…), illumination percentage, moon age in days, and the next new and full moons — with a rendered moon-disc that flips for the Southern Hemisphere. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Motor Full Load Current Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/motor-full-load-current-calculator/): Calculate the full-load (running) current of a single-phase, three-phase or DC motor from its nameplate kW or horsepower rating, voltage, power factor and efficiency. Also reports kVA, kVAR, conductor sizing current and typical starting current.
- [Multi-Base Arithmetic Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/multi-base-arithmetic-calculator/): Add, subtract, multiply, divide or take the modulo of two numbers written in binary, octal, decimal or hexadecimal — bases auto-detected from a 0x/0b/0o prefix. Uses BigInt for arbitrary precision and shows the result in all four bases at once, with fixed-width overflow reporting and step-by-step working.
- [Network Latency Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/network-latency-calculator/): Analyze ping results to measure network latency. Paste raw ping output or a list of round-trip times to get mean, median, min, max, jitter, standard deviation, packet loss and an overall connection quality grade.
- [Network Mask Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/network-mask-calculator/): Calculate an IPv4 network from CIDR notation (192.168.1.0/24) or an address plus a dotted subnet mask (192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0). Returns the network and broadcast addresses, subnet and wildcard masks, CIDR notation, usable host range, total and usable host counts, the IP class and the binary subnet mask.
- [Net Worth Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/net-worth-calculator/): Calculate your net worth from categorized assets and liabilities. Enter cash, investments, property, vehicles and debts to get your total assets, total liabilities, net worth and a visual breakdown.
- [NPV & IRR Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/npv-irr-calculator/): Calculate Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) from an initial investment and a series of periodic cash flows. Also reports payback period and an accept/reject verdict.
- [Ohm's Law Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ohms-law-calculator/): Solve Ohm's Law and the power formulas for Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. Pick which two you know (V+I, V+R, V+P, I+R, I+P, or R+P) and it computes the other two, with the formulas and calculation steps shown.
- [One-Rep Max Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/one-rep-max-calculator/): Estimate your one-rep max (1RM) from a submaximal weight and rep count, averaged across five formulas (Epley, Brzycki, Lombardi, O'Conner, Wathan). Includes a percentage-of-1RM training chart and a warm-up set progression.
- [Paint Coverage Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/paint-coverage-calculator/): Estimate how much paint you need to cover a room's walls (and optionally ceiling) — accounting for door/window deductions, number of coats and a waste allowance — in liters or gallons, plus how many cans to buy.
- [Password Hash Crack Time Estimator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/password-hash-crack-time-estimator/): Estimate how long it would take an attacker to brute-force a password, based on its character-set entropy and a chosen attacker speed (online rate-limited, online unrestricted, offline slow hash, or offline fast hash). Runs entirely in your browser — the password is never transmitted.
- [Payroll Take-Home Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/payroll-take-home-calculator/): Estimate net take-home pay from a gross annual salary, income tax rate, social contribution rate and fixed deductions. See the breakdown across annual, monthly, bi-weekly and weekly pay periods in one table.
- [Percent Off Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/percent-off-calculator/): Calculate the sale price and amount saved after a percentage discount. Enter the original price and the percent off to see the final price, your savings, and the percentage you pay.
- [Permutation & Combination Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/permutation-combination-calculator/): Calculate nPr (permutations) and nCr (combinations) from n and r — how many ways to arrange or choose items, with exact factorial values, computed precisely for large n using arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
- [Pet Age Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pet-age-calculator/): Convert your dog's or cat's age into human-equivalent years using modern non-linear veterinary formulas — the 2019 epigenetic-clock formula (breed-size adjusted) for dogs and the 15-9-4 rule for cats. Not the old "multiply by 7" myth.
- [Pet Food Portion Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pet-food-portion-calculator/): Estimate how much to feed a dog or cat each day (grams and cups) from body weight, life stage/activity level, and the food's calorie density, using the standard veterinary RER/DER energy formula (RER = 70 x kg^0.75).
- [Photography Exposure Value (EV) Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/photography-exposure-value-calculator/): Calculate the Exposure Value (EV) from aperture, shutter speed and ISO. Get EV at your settings, the ISO 100-normalized EV100, the closest standard lighting condition (Sunny 16 family), and a table of equivalent same-exposure aperture/shutter pairs.
- [Podcast Audio File Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/podcast-audio-file-size-calculator/): Estimate a podcast episode's audio file size from its length and encoding (MP3/AAC/OGG bitrate or WAV/FLAC), then project monthly and yearly hosting storage plus CDN bandwidth from your episode cadence and download count.
- [Pregnancy Due Date Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pregnancy-due-date-calculator/): Estimate a pregnancy due date using Naegele's rule (LMP + 280 days), a known conception date, or an IVF embryo transfer date — plus current gestational age, trimester, and the start of each trimester. For informational use only, not medical advice.
- [Prime Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/prime-checker/): Check whether a number is prime. Enter any integer to see an exact prime/composite verdict, and for composite numbers its prime factorization, divisors, and divisor sum. Uses BigInt so very large numbers work.
- [Prime Factorization Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/prime-factorization-calculator/): Break a positive integer down into its prime factors — with exponential form (2^3 x 3^2 x 5), a flat product, a factor/exponent table, the count of distinct primes, and every divisor.
- [PWM Duty Cycle & Frequency Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pwm-duty-frequency-calculator/): Calculate PWM signal frequency, period, duty cycle and pulse width. Convert from frequency + duty cycle to period + pulse width, or the other way around.
- [Quadratic Formula Solver](https://iotools.cloud/tool/quadratic-formula-solver/): Solve ax² + bx + c = 0 for x using the quadratic formula. Computes the discriminant and returns two real roots, one repeated real root, or two complex conjugate roots, with a step-by-step derivation.
- [Stair Rise & Run Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/stair-rise-run-calculator/): Calculate stair riser height, tread depth, step count, total run and stair angle from a total floor-to-floor rise — solving from either a target riser height or a desired step count — with a common building-code comfort check.
- [Statistics Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/statistics-calculator/): Compute descriptive statistics for a list of numbers — count, sum, mean, median, mode, range, quartiles, IQR, variance, standard deviation, standard error, coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis. Choose population or sample variance.
- [String Length Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/string-length-calculator/): Calculate text length in multiple units: JS string length (UTF-16 code units — what most naive tools report), Unicode character count (codepoints), and byte length when UTF-8 encoded — plus character count without spaces, word count and line count. Reveals how emoji and other multi-byte characters make these numbers diverge.
- [Power Factor Correction Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/power-factor-correction-calculator/): Calculate the capacitor kvar needed to correct a power factor to a target value, and size the bank itself — capacitance in µF per phase for a delta or star connection, capacitor current, and the apparent power and line current before and after correction.
- [Shaft Power & Torque Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/shaft-power-torque-calculator/): Calculate shaft torque from power and speed, power from torque and speed, or the shaft speed from power and torque. Supports kW/W/hp/PS, N·m/kgf·m/lb·ft/lb·in and rpm/rad·s⁻¹/Hz, reports every result in both metric and imperial units, and adds the input power a drive must supply at a given efficiency.
- [Mortgage Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mortgage-calculator/): Calculate your monthly mortgage payment — principal & interest via the standard amortization formula, plus property tax, home insurance and PMI for a full PITI estimate. See total interest and total cost over the life of the loan.
- [Percentage Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/percentage-calculator/): Solve eight kinds of percentage problem: what percent one number is of another, a percentage of a number, percentage change, percentage difference, percent ↔ decimal, and percent ↔ fraction. Shows the result, a plain-English summary and the formula used.
- [Rate Limit Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rate-limit-calc/): Convert an API rate limit into requests/second, /minute, /hour and /day, plan multi-worker throughput with staggered start offsets, budget a daily request quota, and turn a 429 Retry-After response into an exponential backoff schedule.
- [RC Circuit Time Constant Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rc-circuit-time-constant-calculator/): Calculate the RC time constant (τ = R × C) for a resistor-capacitor circuit from resistance and capacitance in any common unit (Ω/kΩ/MΩ, pF/nF/µF/mF/F). Returns τ auto-scaled to the best time unit, plus the standard charge/discharge percentage reached at 1τ through 5τ (63.2%, 86.5%, 95.0%, 98.2%, 99.3%).
- [Reading Time Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/reading-time-calculator/): Estimate how long it takes to read a piece of text, based on word count and an adjustable reading speed (words per minute) — plus a slower read-aloud/speaking-time estimate.
- [Recipe Scale Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/recipe-scale-calculator/): Scale a recipe's ingredient quantities up or down — from one serving count to another, or by any ratio — with mixed numbers, fractions and unicode fractions (½, ⅓, ⅔…) parsed and re-formatted back into readable cooking fractions.
- [Rent Affordability Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rent-affordability-calculator/): Work out how much rent you can afford on your income. Applies the 30% rule, a debt-aware limit that accounts for your existing monthly payments, and the 40x-annual-income screen most landlords use — then tells you which one is actually capping your budget and what's left over each month.
- [Rental Property ROI Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rental-property-roi-calculator/): Analyze a rental property's return on investment — net operating income (NOI), cap rate, cash-on-cash return, monthly/annual cash flow and gross rent multiplier, from purchase price, financing terms, rent and operating expenses.
- [Resistor Color Code Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/resistor-color-code-calculator/): Decode a resistor's colour bands into its resistance, tolerance and temperature coefficient, or encode a resistance value back into 4-, 5- or 6-band colours. Shows the value range and a colour-band diagram of the resistor.
- [ROI Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/roi-calculator/): Calculate return on investment (ROI) for any investment. Enter what you put in and what you got back to get net profit, ROI percentage, investment multiple, and annualized ROI (CAGR) when you add a holding period.
- [Rule of 72 Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/rule-of-72-calculator/): Estimate how long it takes an investment to double using the Rule of 72 (years ≈ 72 / rate%), and see the exact logarithmic answer beside it. Compares the Rule of 72, 70 and 69.3 approximations, shows each rule's error, supports any compounding frequency, and works in reverse to find the rate needed to double in a target number of years.
- [Running Pace Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/running-pace-calculator/): Solve the running pace triangle: enter any two of distance, time and pace to calculate the third. Shows pace per km and per mile, speed, a Riegel equivalent race-time predictor (5K, 10K, half, marathon and more) and an even-split table.
- [Salary Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/salary-calculator/): Convert a salary between annual, monthly, bi-weekly, weekly, daily, and hourly pay periods. Enter your pay at any one period and see the equivalent at every other, based on your work hours per day, days per week, and paid leave.
- [Sales Tax & VAT Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sales-tax-vat-calculator/): Add or remove sales tax, VAT or GST from a price. Enter your own rate to compute the tax amount, pre-tax price and gross total — with a full breakdown and common country presets.
- [Savings Goal Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/savings-goal-calculator/): Work out exactly how much to save each month to hit a savings goal by a target date — or how long a fixed monthly deposit will take to get there — with interest, a contributions-vs-interest split, and a year-by-year schedule.
- [Screen Size Comparison Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/screen-size-comparison-calculator/): Compare two screens side by side — resolution, physical size, PPI, pixel pitch, pixel density category, and retina status — from resolution and diagonal size, or a device preset.
- [Plate Weight Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/plate-weight-calculator/): Calculate the weight of a steel, aluminium, stainless or plastic plate from its dimensions — rectangular sheet, round disc or ring — with 24 built-in material densities, a quantity multiplier, surface area, and results in both kg and lb.
- [Spring Rate Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/spring-rate-calculator/): Calculate the spring rate of a helical compression or extension spring from wire diameter, mean coil diameter, active coils and material — with spring index, Wahl correction factor, deflection under load and corrected shear stress, in both metric and imperial units.
- [Retirement Savings Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/retirement-savings-calculator/): Project your retirement savings growth from your current balance, monthly contribution, expected annual return and years until retirement — shows future value, total contributed, and total growth earned.
- [Slugging Percentage Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/slugging-percentage-calculator/): Calculate a baseball or softball slugging percentage from singles, doubles, triples, home runs, and at bats — SLG = total bases ÷ at bats, rounded to three decimal places.
- [Split Bill Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/split-bill-calculator/): Split a restaurant or group bill evenly among any number of people. Add tax as an amount or a percentage, a discount, and a tip (before or after tax, with country tip-preset shortcuts), then get an exact cent-accurate breakdown per person — no rounding errors, the shares always sum to the total.
- [Video Bitrate Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/video-bitrate-calculator/): Estimate the recommended video bitrate for a resolution, frame rate, codec and quality target, then see the total bitrate with audio, projected file sizes for common durations, and how H.264, H.265, VP9 and AV1 compare.
- [Thermal Expansion Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/thermal-expansion-calculator/): Calculate how much a part grows or shrinks with temperature — change in length, final length, linear strain and volumetric change — from a built-in library of 36 material expansion coefficients, in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
- [SemVer Version Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/semver-version-calculator/): Validate, compare, increment, range-test, and sort Semantic Versioning (SemVer 2.0.0) version strings. Handles prerelease precedence, build metadata, and npm-style ranges (^, ~, x, hyphen, ||).
- [Sewing Fabric Yardage Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sewing-fabric-yardage-calculator/): Estimate how much fabric to buy for a garment or quilt from your measurements, the bolt width and a safety margin. Supports skirts, shirts, dresses, trousers and quilt blocks in imperial or metric, with a full cutting breakdown.
- [Side Hustle Income Tax Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/side-hustle-income-tax-calculator/): Estimate the US federal tax on your side hustle, gig, or 1099 income — self-employment tax (Social Security + Medicare), the 50% SE-tax deduction, marginal income tax, effective rate, and your suggested quarterly estimated payment.
- [Sleep Cycle Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sleep-cycle-calculator/): Find the best time to go to bed or wake up using 90-minute sleep cycles. Enter a bedtime to see when to wake up refreshed, or a wake-up time to see when to fall asleep — with an adjustable fall-asleep buffer.
- [Solar Panel Output Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/solar-panel-output-calculator/): Estimate the energy output and cost savings of a solar panel system. Enter panel count, wattage, peak sun hours, system losses, and electricity rate to get daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, and 25-year lifetime kWh production plus savings, CO2 offset, and battery sizing.
- [Sprint Velocity & Capacity Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sprint-velocity-capacity-calculator/): Plan your next Agile sprint: compute average and median team velocity from past sprints, work out team capacity in focused hours, and get a recommended story-point commitment range adjusted for time off and focus factor.
- [Stock & Forex Position Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/stock-forex-position-size-calculator/): Work out how many shares, coins, or forex lots to trade so a stop-loss loss equals your chosen risk (a percent of the account or a fixed amount). Shows max loss, position value, risk:reward, potential profit, and a forex lot breakdown.
- [Survey Sample Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/survey-sample-size-calculator/): Calculate the minimum survey sample size for a target margin of error and confidence level using Cochran's formula, with an optional finite population correction for known population sizes.
- [Time Between Dates Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/time-between-dates-calculator/): Calculate the exact time between two dates and times: a full years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds breakdown, plus totals in weeks, days, hours, minutes and seconds.
- [Time Zone Meeting Planner](https://iotools.cloud/tool/time-zone-meeting-planner/): Plan a meeting across time zones: enter a date and time in your home zone and each participant's IANA time zone, and see everyone's local date, local time and whether it lands in their working hours.
- [555 Timer Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/timer-555-calculator/): Calculate 555 timer IC output frequency, period and duty cycle for an astable (oscillator) circuit, or pulse width for a monostable (one-shot) circuit, from resistor and capacitor values.
- [Triangle Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/triangle-calculator/): Solve a triangle from any three known values (with at least one side): SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, or the ambiguous SSA case. Computes the missing sides and angles, area, perimeter, heights, inradius, circumradius, and classifies the triangle by sides and angles.
- [Uptime & SLA Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/uptime-sla-calculator/): Calculate allowed downtime for an SLA uptime percentage (99.9%, 99.99%, five nines) across day, week, month, quarter and year — or the reverse: the SLA % a downtime target requires, plus your remaining error budget.
- [VO2 Max Estimator Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vo2-max-estimator-calculator/): Estimate your VO₂ max (maximal oxygen uptake, ml/kg/min) from a Cooper 12-minute run, a 1.5-mile run, a YMCA 3-minute step test, or your resting heart rate (Uth–Sørensen). Also shows your fitness category by age and sex plus five heart-rate training zones.
- [Water & Liquid Tank Volume Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/water-liquid-tank-volume-calculator/): Calculate the total and currently-filled volume of a liquid storage tank in liters, US/UK gallons, cubic meters, cubic feet and fluid ounces, plus the liquid's weight. Supports rectangular, vertical/horizontal cylinder, cone-frustum and capsule tanks.
- [Wavelength to Frequency Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/wavelength-frequency-calculator/): Convert between wavelength and frequency of electromagnetic waves using c = λf. Get the photon energy, the electromagnetic spectrum band (radio, microwave, infrared, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma) and an approximate colour for visible light.
- [Web Vitals Score Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/web-vitals-score-calculator/): Grade your Core Web Vitals against Google's Good / Needs-Improvement / Poor thresholds. Enter LCP, INP, and CLS (plus optional FCP, TTFB, and TBT) to get an overall pass/fail verdict, a per-metric rating breakdown, and targeted improvement suggestions.
- [Weighted Grade Average Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/weighted-grade-average-calculator/): Calculate a weighted grade average from a list of assignments or categories, each with its grade and weight. Shows a per-item breakdown, checks whether your weights sum to 100%, converts to a letter grade, and solves what score you still need to reach a target.
- [Wire Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/wire-size-calculator/): Find the right wire gauge (AWG) for a circuit from its current, one-way run length, supply voltage, and acceptable voltage drop. Uses the NEC resistance and ampacity tables for copper and aluminum, in conduit, free air, or direct burial.
- [Working Hours & Overtime Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/working-hours-overtime-calculator/): Calculate regular hours, overtime hours and gross pay from a clock-in/clock-out shift, a break duration, and an overtime rule (daily 8h/10h or weekly 40h threshold) with a custom overtime rate multiplier.
- [Voltage Divider Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/voltage-divider-calculator/): Calculate a two-resistor voltage divider's output voltage and current — Vin × R2 ÷ (R1 + R2). Add an optional load resistance to see how much a real downstream circuit (an ADC input, a sensor) shifts the output from the ideal, unloaded value.
- [Reynolds Number Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/reynolds-number-calculator/): Calculate the Reynolds number for pipe or duct flow and see whether it is laminar, transitional or turbulent. Enter a velocity or a volumetric flow rate, pick a fluid preset (water, air, oil, glycerin) or your own density and viscosity, and work in metric or imperial units.
- [Tap Drill Size Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tap-drill-size-calculator/): Find the correct tap drill size for any metric or imperial thread. Pick a thread from the ISO metric coarse/fine and UNC/UNF tables (or enter a custom major diameter and pitch), set the thread engagement you want, and get the theoretical hole size plus the nearest real drill — metric, fractional, number or letter — with the engagement it actually delivers.

## Editors

Edit and transform text, code, and images with quick, focused editors that run entirely in your browser — nothing to install, and no sign-up needed.

- [3-Way Text Diff & Merge Viewer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/3-way-text-diff-merge-viewer/): Merge two edited versions of a text against their common base (a 3-way diff, like a Git merge). Auto-resolves non-overlapping edits and reports conflicts with a line-by-line status table.
- [Background Remover](https://iotools.cloud/tool/background-remover/): Remove an image's background automatically — get back a transparent PNG.
- [Crop Image](https://iotools.cloud/tool/crop-image/): Crop a JPG, PNG, WebP, GIF or BMP image by dragging a resizable crop box over it, with aspect-ratio presets — then download the cropped result. Free and entirely in your browser.
- [Duplicate Lines Remover](https://iotools.cloud/tool/duplicate-lines-remover/): Remove duplicate lines from pasted or uploaded text. Choose case-sensitive or case-insensitive matching, trim whitespace before comparing, keep the first or last occurrence, drop blank lines, and preserve or sort the output order — with a lines-in/lines-out summary.
- [Git Conflict Remover](https://iotools.cloud/tool/git-conflict-remover/): Resolve Git merge conflicts in pasted code. Parses <<<<<<<, =======, >>>>>>> (and optional diff3 |||||||) markers and rewrites every conflict block by keeping ours, theirs, both sides, or neither — removing all markers.
- [Image Resizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-resizer/): Resize a JPG, PNG, WebP, GIF or BMP image to exact pixel dimensions or by percentage, with an aspect-ratio lock, format and quality control, and a before/after size readout. Free and entirely in your browser.
- [JSON Editor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-editor/): Edit, format, validate and explore JSON in an interactive tree, text or table view — with sort, transform and repair built in. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Line Tools](https://iotools.cloud/tool/line-tools/): Clean up and reorder lines of text in one pass: trim whitespace, drop empty or duplicate lines, sort alphabetically/numerically/by length, reverse or shuffle the order, and add line numbers — combine any of them and see a lines-in/lines-out summary. Runs entirely in your browser, no sign-up.
- [Markdown Editor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/markdown-editor/): Write Markdown and render it to HTML with fine-grained Showdown options — autolinks, literal mid-word underscores/asterisks, strikethrough, tables, simple line breaks, open-links-in-new-window and emoji. Preview live and copy the source.
- [WYSIWYG HTML Editor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/wysiwyg-html-editor/): Write and format rich text in a live editor, and get clean HTML out as you type. Runs entirely in your browser — nothing is sent to a server.
- [Pixel Art Canvas & CSS Export](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pixel-art-canvas/): Draw pixel art on a resizable grid with paint, bucket-fill and eyedropper tools, undo/redo history and an editable color palette — then export it as CSS box-shadow, SVG, PNG or JSON, entirely in your browser.
- [Round Corners](https://iotools.cloud/tool/round-corners/): Round an image's corners with a configurable radius in pixels or percent, choosing which of the four corners to round — then download a transparent PNG. Free and entirely in your browser.

## Utilities

Everyday developer and web utilities — DNS and IP lookups, redirect and certificate checkers, and other quick diagnostics. Free and privacy-friendly.

- [Accessible Color Pair Finder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/accessible-color-pair-finder/): Check WCAG 2.x color contrast between a foreground and background color: get the exact contrast ratio, pass/fail for AA and AAA at normal and large text sizes, and a suggested accessible foreground color when the pair fails.
- [AI Bot Access Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-bot-access-tester/): Check which AI crawlers your robots.txt blocks. Tests GPTBot, ClaudeBot, Google-Extended, PerplexityBot, CCBot and 28 more against a pasted robots.txt using RFC 9309 precedence, grouped by whether the bot trains models, powers AI search, or fetches on a user's behalf — and emits a ready-to-paste block for the ones still allowed.
- [API Secret Scanner & Redactor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/api-secret-scanner-redactor/): Scan code, config files, or logs for hardcoded API keys, tokens, and passwords — over 20 provider-specific patterns plus optional generic secret detection — and produce a redacted copy.
- [ASN.1 / DER Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/asn1-parser/): Parse a DER-encoded ASN.1 structure (Base64 or hex — X.509 certificates, PKCS blobs, and other DER-based formats) into a tag/length/value tree.
- [Barcode Check Digit Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/barcode-check-digit-validator/): Validate or compute the check digit for UPC-A, EAN-13, EAN-8, ISBN-10 and ISBN-13 codes using the standard GS1 mod-10 and ISBN mod-11 algorithms.
- [Base64 Inspector](https://iotools.cloud/tool/base64-inspector/): Decode and inspect a Base64 or Base64URL string: validity with a specific failure reason, alphabet detection (standard vs URL-safe), padding correctness, decoded byte length, a hex/byte dump and a content-type guess (UTF-8 text, JSON, or binary with a recognized magic-byte signature).
- [BIN/IIN Card Network Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bin-iin-lookup/): Identify a payment card's network (Visa, Mastercard, Amex, Discover, JCB, Diners Club, UnionPay, Maestro) from its BIN/IIN, see the typical card number length, and verify the Luhn checksum. Network identification from public prefix ranges only — not an issuing-bank lookup.
- [Bitcoin Address Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/bitcoin-address-validator/): Validate a Bitcoin address and identify its type — Legacy P2PKH, P2SH, Bech32 SegWit or Bech32m Taproot — with full Base58Check / Bech32 checksum verification and the decoded hash or witness program.
- [Certificate Transparency Log Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/certificate-transparency-log-lookup/): Look up every TLS certificate ever issued for a domain in the public Certificate Transparency logs (crt.sh) — discover subdomains, issuers, validity windows and wildcard certs.
- [Character Encoding Detector](https://iotools.cloud/tool/character-encoding-detector/): Detect the character encoding of pasted text or an uploaded file — BOM sniffing (UTF-8/UTF-16/UTF-32), a real UTF-8 continuation-byte validator, ASCII detection, and a byte-frequency heuristic for single-byte legacy charsets like Windows-1252 and ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) when there's no BOM and the bytes aren't valid UTF-8.
- [Character Frequency Analyzer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/character-frequency-analyzer/): Count how often each character appears in your text and see a sorted frequency table with counts and percentages — useful for cryptography, linguistics and data cleaning.
- [Chronometer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/chronometer/): A precise online stopwatch — start, pause, resume, record splits and reset, all from the keyboard. Times to the millisecond, entirely in your browser.
- [CIDR Overlap Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cidr-overlap-checker/): Check whether two IPv4 CIDR blocks overlap. Parses each block into its network range and reports any conflicting address range — useful for network planning, firewall rules and avoiding routing conflicts.
- [Color Blindness Simulator & Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-blindness-simulator/): Upload an image and preview how it looks with protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia and other color vision deficiencies — entirely in your browser.
- [Color Contrast Grid](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-contrast-grid/): Check WCAG 2.x contrast ratios for an entire color palette at once: paste a list of hex colors and get a full pairwise grid with the exact ratio and AA pass/fail for every combination — ideal for auditing a design system's color palette for accessibility.
- [Color Distance Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-distance-calculator/): Measure how visually similar or different two colors are: enter two HEX colors to get the Euclidean RGB distance, the perceptually-weighted redmean distance, and a plain-English similarity rating.
- [Color Picker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/color-picker/): Pick a color and instantly convert it to every common notation — HEX, RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, HSV/HSB, and CMYK — for use in code, design tools, and print.
- [Cookie Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cookie-parser/): Parse a Cookie header, document.cookie string, or one or more Set-Cookie response headers into a readable name/value/attributes table — auto-decodes percent-encoded values.
- [Country Info Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/country-info-lookup/): Look up any country's capital, population region, currency, calling code, flag emoji, ISO codes and top-level domain — pick from all 249 ISO 3166-1 countries and territories.
- [Cron Next Run Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cron-next-run-calculator/): Parse a standard 5-field cron expression (minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week) and list the next run times after a given moment — supports *, comma lists, ranges, and step values.
- [CSS Custom Property Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-custom-property-extractor/): Extract every CSS custom property (--variable) declared in a stylesheet, with its declared value and how many times it's referenced via var() — useful for design-system audits and spotting dead variables.
- [CSS Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/css-validator/): Check CSS for structural and syntax mistakes — unbalanced braces and parentheses, unterminated strings and comments, empty rule blocks, and properties or values missing their other half. Does not validate CSS property-value grammar.
- [CSV Column Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-column-extractor/): Extract specific columns from CSV data by column number or header name. Handles quoted fields with embedded commas, newlines and escaped double quotes — not a naive comma split — with comma, semicolon, tab or pipe delimiters.
- [CSV Pivot Table Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-pivot-table-generator/): Pivot CSV data into a summary table: pick a row field, a column field, a numeric value field, and an aggregation (sum, count, average, min, max) to cross-tabulate your data.
- [CSV Profiler](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-profiler/): Profile a CSV file column by column — inferred type, empty and distinct counts, value range, mean and the most common value — plus a data-quality report naming ragged rows, duplicate rows, mixed-type columns and candidate primary keys. Detects the delimiter automatically and runs entirely in your browser.
- [CSV Random Sampler](https://iotools.cloud/tool/csv-random-sampler/): Pull a random subset of rows from a CSV file — pick a sample size and get back a fresh random selection every time, in original row order, with the header row always kept.
- [DNS Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dns-lookup/): Look up a domain's DNS records — A, AAAA, MX, NS, TXT, CNAME or SOA — over DNS-over-HTTPS, with each record's value and human-readable TTL.
- [DNS Propagation Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dns-propagation-checker/): Check whether a DNS change has propagated by querying multiple public DNS-over-HTTPS resolvers (Cloudflare, Google, Quad9, AdGuard) at once and comparing their answers — see the resolved value, TTL and consensus for A, AAAA, MX, CNAME, TXT or NS records.
- [Dockerfile Linter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dockerfile-linter/): Lint a Dockerfile against 18 Hadolint-style best-practice rules (unpinned base images, running as root, secrets in ENV, layer bloat, and more) and auto-format it — combining RUN layers and sorting package lists. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Domain Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/domain-extractor/): Extract, deduplicate and count the root domains referenced in a list of URLs or a block of text — resolved against the public suffix list so multi-part TLDs like .co.uk and .com.au collapse to the correct registrable domain instead of a naive last-two-labels split.
- [Dotenv Diff Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dotenv-diff-checker/): Compare a .env file against its .env.example template to find missing, extra and value-mismatched keys. Parses export prefixes, quotes and inline comments; optional case-insensitive keys, value comparison and value masking. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Email Deliverability Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/email-deliverability-checker/): Check a domain's email authentication — MX, SPF, DMARC and BIMI DNS records — and get a deliverability score with the exact issues to fix.
- [Email Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/email-extractor/): Extract and de-duplicate every email address from a block of text or a pasted document. Validates each match, lowercases it, removes duplicates, and lets you sort by domain or alphabetically.
- [Email Header Analyzer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/email-header-analyzer/): Parse raw email headers to reveal the sender, the delivery hop chain with per-hop delays, SPF/DKIM/DMARC authentication results, spam-filter scores and every header grouped by purpose — all in your browser.
- [Email Normalizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/email-normalizer/): Normalize a list of email addresses to their canonical form: lowercase, strip Gmail-style dots, remove plus (+) aliases, collapse googlemail.com to gmail.com, and drop duplicates. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Emoji Picker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/emoji-picker/): Search and browse every Unicode emoji by keyword, category and version. See each emoji's code points (U+XXXX), UTF-16 escape sequence and official name, then copy what you need.
- [Env Var Template Expander](https://iotools.cloud/tool/env-var-template-expander/): Expand a template by substituting ${VAR}, {{VAR}}, %VAR% or $VAR placeholders with values from .env file content. Auto-detects syntax, leaves or blanks unresolved variables, optional case-insensitive matching, and reports resolved vs. unresolved counts.
- [Ethereum Checksum Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ethereum-checksum-validator/): Validate the EIP-55 mixed-case checksum of one or more Ethereum / EVM addresses and show the canonical checksummed form. Works for any EVM chain (Ethereum, Polygon, BSC, Arbitrum, Optimism, Base).
- [File Extension Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/file-extension-lookup/): Search 507 file extensions by extension, MIME type, description or category and see the format name, popularity, and which apps open it on Windows, macOS and Linux.
- [File Hash Calculator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/file-hash-calculator/): Compute MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512 and SHA3-256 hashes of pasted text or an uploaded file, all at once, in hex (lowercase/uppercase, with or without colons) — and verify against an expected hash.
- [File Type Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/file-type-checker/): Detect a file's real format by inspecting its magic-number byte signature — not its extension or the browser-reported MIME type. Catches mislabeled or renamed files (a .zip that's really a .png, a .txt that's really a PDF) by checking the actual bytes against published signatures for PNG, JPEG, GIF, PDF, ZIP/DOCX/XLSX/PPTX, GZIP, BMP, WEBP, WAV, ELF, MP3, 7-Zip and RAR.
- [Git Cheat Sheet](https://iotools.cloud/tool/git-cheatsheet/): Searchable reference of the most common Git commands, grouped by task (setup, branching, committing, remotes, undoing changes, stashing and tags). Type to instantly filter the table by command, group or description.
- [GitHub Actions YAML Linter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/github-actions-yaml-linter/): Lint a GitHub Actions workflow YAML file in your browser. Catches syntax errors (tabs, unclosed quotes, duplicate keys), missing required keys (on, jobs), jobs without runs-on or steps, and unpinned or @main/@master action references — reported as a severity summary and a line-by-line issues table.
- [Gzip/Zlib/Deflate Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/gzip-zlib-deflate-tester/): Compress text with gzip, zlib (deflate with header), or raw deflate, and view compression stats — or decompress base64/hex encoded compressed data back to text. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [HAR File Performance Analyzer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/har-file-performance-analyzer/): Analyze a HAR (HTTP Archive) file's performance — total/median/p90 load time, TTFB, status/type/domain breakdowns, and the slowest and largest requests.
- [Hex Dump Viewer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/hex-dump-viewer/): View any text or file as a classic hex dump — byte offset, hexadecimal bytes and printable-ASCII columns side by side, like xxd or hexdump -C. Configure bytes per row, byte grouping and a hex or decimal offset.
- [HTML Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/html-validator/): Check HTML markup for structural problems — unclosed and mismatched tags, duplicate IDs, deprecated elements, missing required attributes (img alt/src, a href), and block-inside-inline nesting — with a per-issue list of line numbers. A lightweight structural linter that runs entirely in your browser.
- [HTTP Header Analyzer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/http-header-analyzer/): Paste raw HTTP request or response headers and get them parsed, categorized (security, caching, CORS, content) and explained one by one, plus a JSON export — all in your browser.
- [HTTP Status Codes](https://iotools.cloud/tool/http-status-codes/): Look up any HTTP status code — 200, 301, 404, 429, 502 and the rest — with its reason phrase, category, defining RFC and a plain-English explanation. Search by code, group (4xx), name or keyword.
- [IBAN Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/iban-validator/): Validate an International Bank Account Number (IBAN). Checks the country code, the country-specific length, and the ISO 7064 MOD-97-10 checksum, and shows the country, check digits, BBAN and correctly grouped IBAN.
- [Image Average Color Finder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-average-color-finder/): Upload an image and find its average color as HEX, RGB, RGBA and HSL — with simple, square-root and dominant averaging modes plus a light/dark contrast readout.
- [Image Color Picker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-color-picker/): Upload an image and click any pixel to get its exact color in HEX, RGB, RGBA, HSL and HSV — with a magnifier loupe, an averaged sample size, and a palette you can export as CSS or JSON.
- [Image Metadata Viewer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/image-metadata-viewer/): Inspect an image's format, pixel dimensions, file size and embedded EXIF data (camera make/model, orientation, date taken, GPS coordinates) — parsed directly from the file's bytes, entirely in your browser.
- [ISBN Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/isbn-validator/): Validate an ISBN-10 or ISBN-13 book number by its check digit, and convert a valid ISBN-10 to its ISBN-13 equivalent (and 978-prefixed ISBN-13 back to ISBN-10). Spaces and hyphens are ignored.
- [JavaScript Benchmark Builder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/javascript-benchmark-builder/): Write two or more named JavaScript snippets, run each thousands of times in a Web Worker, and compare their ops/sec — entirely in your browser.
- [JSON Compare](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-compare/): Compare two JSON documents and get a clear diff of exactly what changed — every added, removed and changed value listed by its key path. Objects compare by key, arrays by index. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON Key Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-key-extractor/): Extract every unique key or key path from a JSON document, with a count of how many times each one occurs. Switch between bare key names and full array-normalized paths to audit schema consistency across a dataset.
- [My IP / IP Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ip-lookup/): See your own public IP address and geolocate any IP — country, city, ISP, timezone, coordinates and more — right in your browser.
- [Twitter Character Counter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/twitter-character-counter/): Count characters the way X (Twitter) does: links always count as a fixed 23 characters (t.co), CJK and other wide Unicode characters count as 2, and everything else counts as 1 — against the 280-character limit.
- [JSONPath Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jsonpath-tester/): Query a JSON document with a JSONPath expression and see every matching value next to its exact resolved path. Supports wildcards, recursive descent, array slices and filter expressions. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JWT Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jwt-decode/): Decode a JSON Web Token (JWT) in your browser — split it into header, payload and signature, base64url-decode and pretty-print the header and payload as JSON, and read the registered date claims (iat, nbf, exp) as human-readable UTC times. Inspect only; the signature is never verified and the token never leaves your browser.
- [JWT Expiry Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jwt-expiry-checker/): Paste a JWT to decode its payload and check whether it is expired, not yet valid, or active — with the exp, nbf and iat claims converted from Unix time to human-readable ISO 8601 UTC. The token is decoded in your browser and never uploaded.
- [JWT Verifier](https://iotools.cloud/tool/jwt-verifier/): Verify a JSON Web Token (JWT) — cryptographically check its signature against an HMAC secret (HS256, HS384 or HS512), confirm it hasn't expired (exp) or isn't yet valid (nbf), and view the decoded header and payload once verified. This checks the signature; it doesn't just decode it. Entirely in your browser — nothing is uploaded.
- [JavaScript Keycode Info](https://iotools.cloud/tool/keycode-info/): Look up the JavaScript keyCode, event.code, event.key value, keyboard location and category for any key — type a character, key name (Enter, ArrowUp, Shift), event.code, or a numeric keyCode. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Kubernetes YAML Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/kubernetes-yaml-validator/): Check Kubernetes manifests before they reach a cluster: YAML syntax errors with line and column, plus API-level problems kubectl would reject — removed apiVersions, kind/apiVersion mismatches, invalid RFC 1123 names, selectors that don't match their pod template labels, unquoted ConfigMap values, missing pathType on an Ingress — and production warnings like :latest images and missing resource limits. Multi-document files supported. Runs entirely in your browser; nothing is uploaded.
- [JSON Tree Viewer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-tree-viewer/): Explore JSON as a collapsible tree. Search across every key and value, expand or collapse the whole document, and copy the JSONPath of any node with one click. Nothing is uploaded — it all runs in your browser.
- [JSON Pointer Evaluator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-pointer-evaluator/): Evaluate a JSON Pointer (RFC 6901) against a JSON document and see the exact value it resolves to — useful for testing pointer expressions before wiring them into code.
- [Line Counter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/line-counter/): Count lines in pasted or uploaded text — total lines, blank lines, non-blank lines, words and characters. Handles mixed CRLF/LF/CR line endings correctly, updated live as you type.
- [List Set Operations](https://iotools.cloud/tool/list-set-operations/): Compare two text lists and compute their union, intersection, difference or symmetric difference — one item per line, with an optional case-insensitive mode.
- [LLM Token Count Estimator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/llm-token-count-estimator/): Estimate how many tokens your text will use across GPT-4o, Claude, Gemini and more, with a context-window gauge and side-by-side API cost estimates. Approximate (chars-per-token heuristic), not an exact tokenizer.
- [Luhn Algorithm Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/luhn-algorithm-validator/): Validate a number against the Luhn (mod 10) checksum — credit cards, IMEIs, SINs and any Luhn-protected identifier — or compute the correct check digit for a number that is missing one. Spaces, dashes and dots are ignored.
- [LZ4 Compression Tool](https://iotools.cloud/tool/lz4-compression/): Compress or decompress data with the fast LZ4 algorithm, right in your browser — from a file, pasted text, or Base64. Get the Base64 result plus size and ratio stats.
- [Markdown Link & Image Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/markdown-link-image-extractor/): Extract every link and image from Markdown — inline, reference-style and autolinks — as a filterable table (also CSV) or JSON. Classifies each URL as external or internal, resolves reference definitions, and optionally deduplicates by URL.
- [Markdown Outline Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/markdown-outline-extractor/): Extract a heading outline from Markdown — every ATX (#) and Setext (underline-style) heading, with its level, line number and a ready-to-use GitHub-style anchor slug for building a table of contents.
- [MIME Type Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mime-type-lookup/): Look up the MIME type for a file extension, or every extension that maps to a MIME type. Type an extension (.pdf, mp4) or a MIME type (image/png) and get matching extension, MIME type and category rows.
- [MIME Types Cheatsheet](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mime-types-cheatsheet/): Browse a comprehensive reference table of file extensions and their MIME (media) types, grouped by category. Filter instantly by extension, MIME type, or category to find the right Content-Type.
- [Morse Code Audio Player](https://iotools.cloud/tool/morse-code-audio-player/): Type text or Morse code and play it back as audible dots and dashes using the Web Audio API. Adjust playback speed (WPM) and tone frequency, and copy the Morse text output.
- [N-gram Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ngram-extractor/): Extract n-gram (word sequence) frequency from text — pick a gram size from 1 (single words) to 5, get a ranked frequency table with counts and percentages, and optionally drop n-grams made up entirely of stop words.
- [PDF Signature Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/pdf-signature-checker/): Check a PDF's digital signatures — see each signer's certificate (subject, issuer, validity), when it was signed, and whether the document still matches the digest that was actually signed (tamper detection). Parsed entirely in your browser; the file is never uploaded.
- [Password Policy Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/password-policy-tester/): Test a password against a configurable complexity policy — minimum/maximum length, required uppercase, lowercase, digit and symbol characters, a no-whitespace rule, and an optional forbidden-text check (e.g. ban a username or company name) — with a clear pass/fail report for every rule. Runs entirely in your browser; the password is never sent anywhere.
- [Password Strength Analyzer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/password-strength-analyzer/): Score a password's strength (Weak/Fair/Good/Strong) and get specific, actionable feedback — length, character variety, common-password matches, repeated/sequential characters, and keyboard-walk patterns like "qwerty". Runs entirely in your browser; the password is never sent anywhere.
- [Phone Number Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/phone-number-extractor/): Extract and de-duplicate every phone number from a block of text or a pasted document. Recognizes US, international (+country code), toll-free, parenthesized and dotted/dashed/spaced formats, keeps the richest spelling of each number, and counts the results.
- [Phone Number Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/phone-number-validator/): Check whether a phone number is real and dialable for its country. Reports valid/invalid, the line type (mobile, fixed line, toll free, VoIP, premium rate...), and — when invalid — the reason (too short, too long, unrecognized country code, bad area code/prefix).
- [Port Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/port-lookup/): Look up TCP, UDP, SCTP and DCCP port assignments from the IANA registry. Search by port number (443), service name (https) or keyword, and filter by protocol and port range.
- [MD5 Decrypt](https://iotools.cloud/tool/md5-decrypt/): Reverse an MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256 or SHA-512 hash by brute force — try every short combination of characters, entirely in your browser, to recover the original text.
- [Scoreboard](https://iotools.cloud/tool/scoreboard/): Track live game scores for any number of players, capture photos, and celebrate winners with confetti. Customizable themes, saved player profiles, and game history with stats — all stored right in your browser.
- [SSL Certificate Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ssl-certificate-decoder/): Decode a PEM-encoded SSL/TLS (X.509) certificate — read its subject, issuer, validity window, serial number, signature and public-key algorithms, extensions (Subject Alternative Names, key usage, basic constraints) and SHA-256/SHA-1 fingerprints. Parsed entirely in your browser; the certificate is never uploaded.
- [MAC Address Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/mac-address-lookup/): Look up the hardware vendor behind a MAC address by resolving its OUI prefix (the first three bytes) against the IEEE registry. Accepts full or partial addresses in any separator style.
- [One Time Link](https://iotools.cloud/tool/one-time-link/): Share a secret note through a link that self-destructs after one view. End-to-end encrypted in your browser — the server only ever stores ciphertext.
- [Open Graph Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/open-graph-checker/): Fetch any URL and inspect its Open Graph, Twitter Card and standard meta tags — see exactly how the page previews when shared on social media, and spot missing tags.
- [Readability Score Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/readability-score/): Analyze pasted text for readability with Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog, SMOG, Coleman-Liau and Automated Readability Index scores, plus word/sentence/syllable counts.
- [Regex Cheatsheet](https://iotools.cloud/tool/regex-cheatsheet/): Quick reference for regular expression syntax — character classes, anchors, quantifiers, groups, lookaheads/lookbehinds, flags, and common patterns (email, URL, IPv4, hex color, date, phone, password). Search or filter by category.
- [Regex Explainer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/regex-explainer/): Explain a regular expression in plain English — a full sentence summary plus a token-by-token breakdown table (what each piece matches, and how). Supports the g/i/m/s/u flags and their effect on the explanation.
- [Regex Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/regex-tester/): Test a JavaScript regular expression against sample text — see every match with its position, plus positional and named capture groups.
- [Robots.txt Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/robots-txt-tester/): Test whether a URL path is allowed or disallowed for a given crawler against pasted robots.txt content. Applies RFC 9309 precedence — longest matching rule wins, Allow beats Disallow on a tie, with `*`/`$` wildcards and most-specific user-agent group selection. Shows the exact rule that decided the verdict.
- [Routing Number Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/routing-number-validator/): Validate a 9-digit ABA bank routing number by its mod-10 weighted checksum, and show whether it is valid, its Federal Reserve district, its check digit, and the full step-by-step checksum calculation. Spaces and dashes are ignored.
- [SafeLink Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/safelink-decoder/): Unwrap Microsoft SafeLinks and Proofpoint URL Defense links to reveal the real destination URL. Paste one or more wrapped links (one per line); plain lines pass through unchanged, or filter to only the decoded URLs.
- [SAML Response Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/saml-response-decoder/): Decode a base64-encoded SAML Response or Assertion and inspect it. Auto-detects the HTTP-POST (plain base64) and HTTP-Redirect (DEFLATE-compressed) bindings, extracts a summary of key fields (Issuer, Destination, NameID, Conditions window, AudienceRestriction, attributes, StatusCode) and pretty-prints the decoded XML. A debugging tool for SSO troubleshooting — it does not verify signatures.
- [Security Headers Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/security-headers-checker/): Paste a site's HTTP response headers and get a weighted A+ to F security grade, plus a header-by-header breakdown of what's missing, misconfigured, or well-configured (CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, and more) — all checked in your browser.
- [Secure Compare Tool](https://iotools.cloud/tool/secure-compare-tool/): Compare two secrets, tokens or passwords using a constant-time equality check instead of a plain string comparison, with optional trimming/case normalization and SHA-256 fingerprints for diagnostics. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Sitemap XML Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sitemap-xml-parser/): Parse a sitemap.xml or sitemap index and extract every URL with its lastmod, changefreq and priority — as a Markdown table, CSV, JSON or a plain URL list, with spec-conformance warnings. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Redirect Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/redirect-checker/): Trace a URL's full HTTP redirect chain — every hop, status code and redirect type — and flag redirect loops, excessive hops and insecure HTTPS→HTTP downgrades.
- [Text Compare](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-compare/): Compare two texts and see exactly what changed — added, removed and edited lines highlighted inline, plus a copyable unified diff. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [URL Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/url-parser/): Break a URL down into its parts — protocol, host, port, path, query string, search params, hash, credentials, subdomain, filename and file extension.
- [Unicode Character Info](https://iotools.cloud/tool/unicode-character-info/): Look up detailed Unicode properties for any character or U+XXXX codepoint — name, block, plane, general category, bidi class, UTF-8/16/32 encoding, HTML entity, and known confusable characters.
- [URL Canonicalizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/url-canonicalizer/): Normalize URLs into a single canonical form: lowercase the scheme and host, strip default ports, resolve ./.. path segments, sort query parameters, remove tracking params (utm_*, fbclid, gclid…), drop fragments and collapse duplicate slashes. Runs entirely in your browser — one URL per line.
- [URL Extractor](https://iotools.cloud/tool/url-extractor/): Extract and de-duplicate every URL from a block of text, HTML, or a pasted document. Finds http, https and ftp links (plus bare www. links with no scheme), trims stray trailing punctuation and brackets, and lets you filter by link type and sort the results.
- [User Agent Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/user-agent-parser/): Parse a User-Agent string into browser, version, rendering engine, operating system and device type (desktop, mobile, tablet or bot). Paste one UA per line to parse several at once, with a JSON export.
- [WCAG Contrast Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/wcag-contrast-checker/): Check the WCAG 2.x contrast ratio between a text (foreground) color and a background color. Accepts hex colors (#RGB, #RRGGBB, with or without #) and reports the exact ratio plus pass/fail for WCAG AA (4.5:1 normal, 3:1 large) and AAA (7:1 normal, 4.5:1 large).
- [Webhook Payload Inspector](https://iotools.cloud/tool/webhook-payload-inspector/): Paste a raw webhook request — optional HTTP headers plus a JSON or form-encoded body — and get a structured breakdown: parsed headers, a pretty-printed and validated body, detected content-type and size, the sending provider and event type, extracted timestamps, and flagged signature headers (X-Hub-Signature-256, Stripe-Signature, X-GitHub-Event…). Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Webhook Signature Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/webhook-signature-validator/): Verify a webhook's HMAC signature: paste the raw payload body, your signing secret and the signature from the provider's header (GitHub sha256=…, Shopify base64, or any custom HMAC-SHA1/SHA-256/SHA-512 in hex or base64), and confirm whether it matches.
- [Word Frequency Counter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/word-frequency/): Count how often each word appears in a block of text and get a ranked frequency table with counts and percentages. Case-sensitivity, stop-word filtering, a minimum word length and a top-N limit are all configurable.
- [YAML Diff Comparator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/yaml-diff-comparator/): Compare two YAML documents and see exactly what changed — added, removed and modified keys with a path to each one, plus a unified line diff of the normalized YAML. Structural comparison ignores indentation, quoting and flow-vs-block formatting, and handles multi-document streams. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [Word Counter](https://iotools.cloud/tool/word-counter/): Count words, unique words, characters, sentences, paragraphs and syllables — with reading time, speaking time and a top-10 word density table, updated live as you type.
- [XPath Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xpath-tester/): Evaluate an XPath expression against XML or HTML input and see every matching node, attribute or text value next to its resolved path. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [YouTube Thumbnail Downloader](https://iotools.cloud/tool/youtube-thumbnail-downloader/): Get the thumbnail image URLs of any YouTube video in every available size (1280×720 down to 120×90) — paste the video, Shorts, or youtu.be link and download the image you need.
- [Vimeo Thumbnail Downloader](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vimeo-thumbnail-downloader/): Grab the thumbnail image of any Vimeo video in every size — paste the link to preview each one and download the poster frame in full resolution.
- [ZIP Code Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/zip-code-validator/): Validate US ZIP codes — check one or many at once for correct 5-digit or ZIP+4 format.
- [Corrupt a File](https://iotools.cloud/tool/corrupt-a-file/): Deliberately corrupt one or more files by flipping random bytes — for testing how software handles broken input. Runs entirely in your browser; files are never uploaded.
- [Compare Images](https://iotools.cloud/tool/compare-images/): Compare two images and highlight the visual differences. Upload two images to see a pixel-level diff with mismatch percentage.
- [SHA512 Decrypt](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha512-decrypt/): Reverse a SHA-512 hash by brute force — try every short combination of characters, entirely in your browser, to recover the original text.
- [SHA256 Decrypt](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha256-decrypt/): Reverse a SHA-256 hash by brute force — try every short combination of characters, entirely in your browser, to recover the original text.
- [SHA384 Decrypt](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha384-decrypt/): Reverse a SHA-384 hash by brute force — try every short combination of characters, entirely in your browser, to recover the original text.
- [SHA224 Decrypt](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha224-decrypt/): Reverse a SHA-224 hash by brute force — try every short combination of characters, entirely in your browser, to recover the original text.
- [SHA1 Decrypt](https://iotools.cloud/tool/sha1-decrypt/): Reverse a SHA-1 hash by brute force — try every short combination of characters, entirely in your browser, to recover the original text.
- [CPS Test](https://iotools.cloud/tool/cps-test/): Measure your clicks per second — pick a duration, click as fast as you can, and get your total clicks and average CPS. Track your best score, all in your browser.
- [Shell Glob Pattern Tester](https://iotools.cloud/tool/shell-glob-pattern-tester/): Test a shell glob pattern against a list of file paths and see which ones match. Supports *, ?, ** globstar, [abc] character classes, {a,b} brace expansion and ! negation across Bash, Zsh, .gitignore, Python fnmatch and Go path.Match semantics.
- [SVG Path Visualizer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/svg-path-visualizer/): Parse an SVG path's d attribute into its individual commands (M, L, C, Q, A, Z and more), see a labelled breakdown table, and render an annotated preview with numbered vertices and Bézier control points. Convert between absolute and relative coordinates. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [SWIFT/BIC Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/swift-bic-validator/): Validate a SWIFT/BIC bank identifier code (ISO 9362). Checks the 8- or 11-character format — institution code, country code, location code and optional branch code — and breaks the code down into its parts, including the participant status decoded from the location code.
- [Syllable Counter & Poetry Analyzer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/syllable-counter-poetry-analyzer/): Count syllables per word and per line, then validate fixed poetic forms — haiku (5-7-5), tanka (5-7-5-7-7) and limerick (8-8-5-5-8). Optionally highlight each word's stressed syllable.
- [TLS/SSL Config Snippet Grader](https://iotools.cloud/tool/tls-ssl-config-snippet-grader/): Paste an Apache or Nginx TLS/SSL config block and get an A-to-F security grade, a finding-by-finding breakdown (deprecated protocols, weak ciphers, missing HSTS/OCSP stapling), and a Mozilla best-practice replacement snippet. Analyzed entirely in your browser — nothing is sent to a server.
- [UUID Validator & Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/uuid-validator-decoder/): Validate a UUID's 8-4-4-4-12 format and decode its version and variant. For time-based UUIDs (v1, v6, v7) it extracts the embedded timestamp; paste one UUID per line to validate a whole batch at once.
- [VAT Number Validator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/vat-number-validator/): Validate an EU VAT number's format. Detects the 2-letter country prefix and checks the national number against that country's expected structure, showing the country, country code and expected format. Structural check only — it does not contact the EU VIES registry.
- [QR Code Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/qr-code-decoder/): Upload a QR-code image (PNG, JPG, GIF, WebP…) and instantly read what it contains — a URL, Wi-Fi login, contact card or plain text. Decoded entirely in your browser.
- [Online Notepad](https://iotools.cloud/tool/online-notepad/): A fast, free online notepad that saves automatically in your browser — with optional live collaboration, end-to-end passphrase encryption, and expiring share links. No account, nothing uploaded by default.
- [Online Pastebin](https://iotools.cloud/tool/online-pastebin/): Paste text or code and share it with a link. End-to-end encrypted in your browser, with syntax highlighting and an expiring, no-signup link.
- [Text Replacer](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-replacer/): Find and replace text or regex patterns across a block of text. Case-sensitive, whole-word, replace-all-vs-first and regex modes with capture-group substitution, plus a live match count.
- [Text Similarity Checker](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-similarity-checker/): Score how similar two blocks of text are — a character-level similarity percentage plus a word-overlap breakdown showing shared and unique words.
- [Device Information](https://iotools.cloud/tool/device-information/): See exactly what your browser reports about your device — user agent, platform, screen size, hardware and network — all read live, client-side, with a one-click copy for support tickets.
- [Camera Recorder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/camera-recorder/): Record video from your webcam and microphone right in the browser — preview live, pick a camera, and download the clip as WebM. Nothing is uploaded; the recording never leaves your device.
- [XML Diff Comparator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/xml-diff-comparator/): Compare two XML documents and see exactly what changed — added/removed elements, attribute changes and text changes with an XPath-like path to each one, plus a unified line diff of the normalized markup. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [X.509 Certificate Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/x509-certificate-parser/): Parse a PEM-encoded X.509 certificate or certificate signing request (CSR) — subject, issuer, validity window, serial number, signature/public-key algorithms, extensions (SANs, key usage, basic constraints…), CSR signature verification, and SHA-256/SHA-1/SHA-512 fingerprints. Parsed entirely in your browser; nothing is uploaded.
- [WHOIS Domain Lookup](https://iotools.cloud/tool/whois-domain-lookup/): Look up a domain's registration details — registrar, creation/expiration/updated dates, status codes and name servers — right in your browser, via RDAP.
- [My Browser Information](https://iotools.cloud/tool/my-browser-information/): See your browser, operating system, device type, screen and window size, color depth, timezone, language and more — parsed live from your own browser with ua-parser-js. Nothing leaves your device.
- [URL Opener](https://iotools.cloud/tool/url-opener/): Paste a list of URLs and open every one in a new browser tab, one at a time with a configurable delay — a status log tracks what opened, what your popup blocker stopped, and what wasn't a valid URL.
- [WebRTC IP Leak Detector](https://iotools.cloud/tool/webrtc-ip-leak-detector/): Check whether WebRTC exposes your real local or public IP address behind a VPN — probes ICE candidate gathering against a public STUN server, entirely in your browser.
- [Typing Speed Test (WPM Calculator)](https://iotools.cloud/tool/typing-speed-test/): Test your typing speed against a timer — type the sample passage as fast and accurately as you can, and get your words-per-minute, accuracy and error count. Tracks your best WPM, all in your browser.
- [Brotli Compression Encoder/Decoder](https://iotools.cloud/tool/brotli-compression/): Compress or decompress data with Brotli — the algorithm behind modern HTTP content-encoding — right in your browser, with size and ratio stats. Free in the browser (WASM); also available as a paid API (Node's native zlib).
- [Zstandard (Zstd) Compression Tool](https://iotools.cloud/tool/zstd-compression/): Compress or decompress text or a file with Zstandard (zstd) at a chosen compression level (1-22), with size and ratio stats. Free and private in your browser; also available as a paid API.
- [Speech to Text](https://iotools.cloud/tool/speech-to-text/): Transcribe live microphone speech to text right in your browser — pick a language, toggle continuous listening and interim results, then copy or download the transcript.
- [Text to Speech Generator](https://iotools.cloud/tool/text-to-speech/): Convert text into spoken audio right in your browser using the Web Speech API — pick a voice, adjust speed/pitch/volume, and follow along with live word highlighting. Nothing is uploaded.
- [AI Content Detector](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ai-content-detector/): Analyze pasted text with AI to estimate whether it was written by an AI model or a human, with a confidence score and supporting indicators. A probabilistic estimate, not proof — see the disclaimer below.
- [HTTP Request Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/raw-http-request-parser/): Paste a raw HTTP request and get the method, target, version, headers and body split out — with the query string decoded into parameters, the body pretty-printed by Content-Type, and a ready-to-run cURL command to replay it. Runs entirely in your browser.
- [JSON Merge Patch Tool](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-merge-patch-tool/): Apply an RFC 7386 JSON Merge Patch to a document, or work backwards and generate the minimal merge patch between two documents. Shows the patched result plus a per-key list of what was added, replaced and removed — all in your browser.
- [JSON Lines Merger](https://iotools.cloud/tool/json-lines-merger/): Merge several JSON Lines (JSONL/NDJSON) sources into one JSON array or one NDJSON stream. Combines a pasted blob with any number of uploaded files, expands sources that are already JSON arrays, drops duplicate records, tags each record with where it came from, and reports invalid lines instead of failing on them.
- [INI Overlay Merger](https://iotools.cloud/tool/ini-overlay-merger/): Merge an INI config with one or two overlay files — the way a deployment layers defaults, environment and local settings. Overridden values are edited in place, so the base file's comments, blank lines, key order and indentation all survive, and a change report shows exactly which keys were added, changed or left alone.
- [DNS Zone File Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/dns-zone-file-parser/): Paste a BIND zone file and read it as a table: every record with its owner name fully qualified, its inherited TTL resolved, and its type and rdata split out. Honours $ORIGIN, $TTL and multi-line SOA blocks, flags the classic mistakes (missing SOA, a CNAME sharing a name, a target missing its trailing dot), and exports to CSV or JSON. Runs entirely in your browser — no DNS lookups.
- [HTTP Response Parser](https://iotools.cloud/tool/raw-http-response-parser/): Paste a raw HTTP response and get the status line, headers and body split out — with the status code explained, every Set-Cookie broken into its name, value and attributes, and the body pretty-printed by Content-Type. Exports to CSV or JSON and runs entirely in your browser.

## Journal

- [chmod explained: Linux file permissions without the cargo cult](https://iotools.cloud/journal/chmod-explained-linux-file-permissions/)
- [CIDR subnets explained: read the slash, find the range, stop guessing](https://iotools.cloud/journal/cidr-subnets-explained/)
- [Container graceful shutdown: SIGTERM is the beginning, not the shutdown](https://iotools.cloud/journal/container-graceful-shutdown-sigterm/)
- [Content-Type and MIME types: what the header controls and why charset breaks JSON parsers](https://iotools.cloud/journal/content-type-and-mime-types-what-that-header-actually-controls-and-why-charset-breaks-json-parsers/)
- [CSS color formats: hex, RGB, HSL, and OKLCH](https://iotools.cloud/journal/css-color-formats-hex-rgb-hsl-oklch/)
- [CSS container queries: responsive components that finally don't care about the viewport](https://iotools.cloud/journal/css-container-queries-responsive-components-that-finally-dont-care-about-the-viewport/)
- [Cursor vs offset pagination: choose based on data movement, not taste](https://iotools.cloud/journal/cursor-vs-offset-pagination/)
- [Database connection pooling: why your app crashes at 100 users](https://iotools.cloud/journal/database-connection-pooling-why-app-crashes-100-users/)
- [DNS records for developers: the records you actually configure](https://iotools.cloud/journal/dns-records-for-developers/)
- [Docker ENTRYPOINT vs CMD: your container lied to you](https://iotools.cloud/journal/docker-entrypoint-vs-cmd-your-container-lied-to-you/)
- [Docker multi-stage builds: shrink your image without breaking the deploy](https://iotools.cloud/journal/docker-multi-stage-builds-shrink-your-image-without-breaking-the-deploy/)
- [dotenv mistakes: secrets, GitHub, and the leak you cannot delete](https://iotools.cloud/journal/dotenv-mistakes-secrets-github/)
- [Env files and secrets management: `.env` is configuration, not a vault](https://iotools.cloud/journal/env-files-secrets-management/)
- [Feature flags done right: patterns that do not become permanent debt](https://iotools.cloud/journal/feature-flags-done-right-patterns/)
- [Git bisect: find the breaking commit without guessing](https://iotools.cloud/journal/git-bisect-find-breaking-commit/)
- [Git interactive rebase: squash, reorder, and rewrite commits before they hit main](https://iotools.cloud/journal/git-interactive-rebase-squash-reorder-and-rewrite-commits-before-they-hit-main/)
- [GitHub Actions secrets: inject configuration without leaking it to logs](https://iotools.cloud/journal/github-actions-secrets-inject-config/)
- [GraphQL schema SDL: how to read the contract before you write resolvers](https://iotools.cloud/journal/graphql-schema-sdl-format-understand/)
- [gRPC and Protocol Buffers: what `.proto` files compile to and why it matters](https://iotools.cloud/journal/grpc-protocol-buffers-proto-files-compile-to/)
- [Gzip, Brotli, and Zstd: HTTP compression without accidental identity encoding](https://iotools.cloud/journal/gzip-brotli-zstd-http-compression-for-devs-who-set-content-encoding-identity-by-accident/)
- [HAR files: the HTTP debug log you didn't know you needed](https://iotools.cloud/journal/har-files-the-http-debug-log-you-didnt-know-you-needed/)
- [Hashing algorithms: MD5, SHA-2, bcrypt, and Argon2 are not interchangeable](https://iotools.cloud/journal/hashing-algorithms-md5-sha-bcrypt-argon2/)
- [HTTP/2 vs HTTP/3: what changed for your API and what did not](https://iotools.cloud/journal/http2-vs-http3-what-changed-api/)
- [Idempotency in APIs: make retries safe before the network makes them necessary](https://iotools.cloud/journal/idempotency-in-apis/)
- [JavaScript memory leaks: the reference that won't die and how to find it](https://iotools.cloud/journal/javascript-memory-leaks-the-reference-that-wont-die-and-how-to-find-it/)
- [jq one-liners: filter and transform JSON without writing a script](https://iotools.cloud/journal/jq-one-liners-filter-and-transform-json-from-the-cli-without-writing-a-script/)
- [JSON to TypeScript interfaces: the generated type is a guess, not a contract](https://iotools.cloud/journal/json-to-typescript-interface-generator/)
- [JWT decoder online: decode a JWT token without mistaking it for verification](https://iotools.cloud/journal/jwt-decoder-online-decode-jwt-token/)
- [Makefiles for developers: a command interface, not a second language](https://iotools.cloud/journal/makefile-for-developers-automate-tasks-without-bash-spaghetti/)
- [Mermaid diagrams in Markdown: architecture views that survive code review](https://iotools.cloud/journal/mermaid-diagrams-markdown-architecture/)
- [Modular type scales in CSS: pick a ratio, then check it against real copy](https://iotools.cloud/journal/modular-type-scale-typography-css/)
- [OAuth 2.0 flows: authorization code with PKCE, and client credentials](https://iotools.cloud/journal/oauth-2-flows-authorization-code-pkce-client-credentials/)
- [OKLCH and modern CSS colors: why your palette looks off in some browsers](https://iotools.cloud/journal/oklch-and-modern-css-colors-why-your-palette-looks-off-in-some-browsers/)
- [Open Graph tags: stop your links looking terrible on Slack](https://iotools.cloud/journal/open-graph-tags/)
- [OpenAPI and Swagger spec validation: catch contract bugs before clients do](https://iotools.cloud/journal/openapi-swagger-spec-validation/)
- [QR codes are just URLs in a trench coat (and what else is in there)](https://iotools.cloud/journal/qr-codes-are-just-urls-in-a-trench-coat-and-what-else-is-in-there/)
- [Regex patterns every developer should know (and the traps beside them)](https://iotools.cloud/journal/regex-patterns-every-developer-should-know/)
- [S3 presigned URLs: direct uploads without handing the browser AWS credentials](https://iotools.cloud/journal/s3-presigned-urls/)
- [Semantic versioning and package.json: versions only work if you mean them](https://iotools.cloud/journal/semantic-versioning-npm-package-json/)
- [Server access logs: the fields that make an incident solvable](https://iotools.cloud/journal/server-access-logs-guide/)
- [SQL EXPLAIN query plans: read what the database actually did](https://iotools.cloud/journal/sql-explain-query-plans-guide/)
- [SQL indexes: why your query is slow even after you added one](https://iotools.cloud/journal/sql-indexes-why-your-query-is-slow/)
- [SSH keys explained: Ed25519 vs ECDSA vs RSA, and the config that stops key roulette](https://iotools.cloud/journal/ssh-keys-explained-ed25519-vs-ecdsa-vs-rsa-stop-pressing-enter/)
- [SSL/TLS certificates: what those fields and expiry dates actually mean](https://iotools.cloud/journal/ssl-tls-certificates-what-those-fields-and-expiry-dates-actually-mean/)
- [Structured logging: stop console-logging strings and start logging JSON](https://iotools.cloud/journal/structured-logging-stop-console-log-ing-strings-and-start-logging-json-your-ops-team-can-actually-query/)
- [TOML vs YAML vs JSON: config formats ranked by how much they'll annoy you](https://iotools.cloud/journal/toml-vs-yaml-vs-json-config-formats-ranked-by-how-much-theyll-annoy-you/)
- [UTF-8 and Unicode: why that emoji broke your database](https://iotools.cloud/journal/utf-8-and-unicode-why-that-emoji-broke-your-database/)
- [UUID versions explained: v4, v7, and ULID](https://iotools.cloud/journal/uuid-versions-explained-v4-v7-ulid/)
- [Webhook signature verification with HMAC: verify the bytes before you parse](https://iotools.cloud/journal/webhook-signature-verification-hmac/)
- [WebSockets vs SSE vs long polling: pick the smallest real-time tool](https://iotools.cloud/journal/websockets-vs-sse-vs-long-polling/)
- [Why `Pssword1!` is not actually secure](https://iotools.cloud/journal/why-pssword1-is-not-actually-secure/)
- [XML is not dead: read it, diff it, and convert it to JSON without losing meaning](https://iotools.cloud/journal/xml-is-not-dead-unfortunately-convert-it-to-json-like-a-grown-up/)
- [YAML vs JSON vs TOML: which config format should you actually use?](https://iotools.cloud/journal/yaml-vs-json-vs-toml-which-config-format-should-you-actually-use/)
- [Zero-downtime database migrations: schema changes without the 3am rollback](https://iotools.cloud/journal/zero-downtime-database-migrations-schema-changes-without-the-scary-3am-rollback/)
- [AES encryption modes: GCM vs CBC, and why the choice isn't cosmetic](https://iotools.cloud/journal/aes-encryption-modes-gcm-vs-cbc/)
- [BIP39 seed phrases: what those 12 words actually are and how HD wallet derivation works](https://iotools.cloud/journal/bip39-seed-phrases-what-those-12-words-actually-are-and-how-hd-wallet-derivation-works/)
- [CORS explained: why the browser blocks your request and what to actually do about it](https://iotools.cloud/journal/cors-explained/)
- [Git hooks: pre-commit, pre-push, and stopping bad code at the door](https://iotools.cloud/journal/git-hooks-pre-commit-pre-push-and-stopping-bad-code-at-the-door/)
- [git stash: more than a panic save — partial stash, named stashes, and the rest](https://iotools.cloud/journal/git-stash-more-than-a-panic-save-partial-stash-named-stashes-and-the-rest/)
- [HTTP Cache-Control headers: what no-cache, no-store, and max-age actually mean](https://iotools.cloud/journal/http-cache-control-headers-what-no-cache-no-store-and-max-age-actually-mean/)
- [localStorage vs sessionStorage vs IndexedDB vs cookies: browser storage without the 3am regret](https://iotools.cloud/journal/localstorage-vs-sessionstorage-vs-indexeddb-vs-cookies-browser-storage-without-the-3am-regret/)
- [PDF signature verification: what developers need to know](https://iotools.cloud/journal/pdf-signature-verification-what-developers-need-to-know/)
- [Rate limiting: how to stop getting 429'd by every API you touch](https://iotools.cloud/journal/rate-limiting-how-to-stop-getting-429d-by-every-api-you-touch/)
- [99.9% uptime sounds great — until you do the downtime math](https://iotools.cloud/journal/sla-uptime-calculator-99-9-downtime-math/)
- [SSH key types: RSA vs Ed25519 (and when ECDSA fits in)](https://iotools.cloud/journal/ssh-key-types-rsa-ed25519/)
- [TCP vs UDP for developers: when the protocol actually matters](https://iotools.cloud/journal/tcp-vs-udp-for-developers-when-the-protocol-actually-matters/)
- [TypeScript utility types: the ones worth memorizing and the rest](https://iotools.cloud/journal/typescript-utility-types-the-ones-worth-memorizing-and-the-rest/)
- [Why IPv6 ULA addresses are your network's best-kept secret](https://iotools.cloud/journal/why-ipv6-ula-addresses-are-your-networks-best-kept-secret/)
- [Free online tools that will boost your productivity in minutes](https://iotools.cloud/journal/15-free-online-tools-that-will-boost-your-productivity-in-minutes/)
- [Base64 encoding, explained: what it is, what it isn't, and when to use it](https://iotools.cloud/journal/base64-encoding-explained/)
- [The Caesar Cipher: the 2,000-year-old encryption that still slaps](https://iotools.cloud/journal/caesar-cipher-the-2000-year-old-encryption-that-still-slaps/)
- [The Atbash cipher: the ancient code that decodes itself](https://iotools.cloud/journal/atbash-cipher-the-ancient-code-that-decodes-itself/)
- [HTTP status codes: 404 vs 410 vs 301](https://iotools.cloud/journal/http-status-codes-404-410-301/)
- [Cron expressions: calculate the next run before trusting the schedule](https://iotools.cloud/journal/cron-expression-generator-and-next-run-calculator-master-cron-without-the-guesswork/)
- [A JSON toolkit: six browser tasks that save debugging time](https://iotools.cloud/journal/json-toolkit-6-free-browser-tools-every-developer-needs/)
- [Build curl requests without memorising every flag](https://iotools.cloud/journal/curl-command-builder-build-complex-api-requests-without-memorizing-flags/)
- [Docker workflow tools: generate, lint, and size containers before they ship](https://iotools.cloud/journal/docker-workflow-tools-convert-generate-lint-and-size-your-containers/)
- [You cannot hide a window from Zoom on macOS 15](https://iotools.cloud/journal/you-cannot-hide-a-window-from-zoom-on-macos-15/)
- [gitignore: the file that saves you from committing node_modules](https://iotools.cloud/journal/gitignore-the-file-that-saves-you-from-committing-node_modules/)
- [CRLF vs LF: the line-ending bug that breaks CI](https://iotools.cloud/journal/crlf-vs-lf-the-line-ending-bug-that-breaks-ci/)
- [HMAC: how webhooks know you are not lying](https://iotools.cloud/journal/hmac-how-webhooks-know-youre-not-lying/)
- [PNG vs JPG vs WebP: choose the format from the image, not habit](https://iotools.cloud/journal/png-vs-jpg-vs-webp-image-format-guide/)
- [Time zones are a lie: handle them as data in code](https://iotools.cloud/journal/time-zones-are-a-lie-and-how-to-handle-them-in-code/)
- [JavaScript key events: use key and code, not keyCode](https://iotools.cloud/journal/javascript-key-events-are-a-mess-heres-the-keycode-reference-youll-bookmark/)
- [CSS gradients: generate them visually, then ship the simple version](https://iotools.cloud/journal/css-gradients-without-stack-overflow-generate-them-visually-and-ship/)
- [Whitespace bugs: trim before they wreck your day](https://iotools.cloud/journal/whitespace-bug-trim-before-it-wrecks-your-day/)

## Company

- [About](https://iotools.cloud/about/): Who builds iotools.cloud and why
- [Journal](https://iotools.cloud/journal/): Articles and guides
- [Contact](https://iotools.cloud/contact/): Get in touch
- [Privacy policy](https://iotools.cloud/privacy-policy/)
- [Terms of service](https://iotools.cloud/terms-of-service/)