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Convertisseur de luminance et d'illuminance

DonnéesPromoteurMathématiques
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Illuminance (light falling on a surface)

Luminance (light emitted or reflected from a surface)


Typical Illuminance Values (Lux)

Scene Lux (lx) Foot-candle (fc)
Moonless overcast night sky 0.0001 0.00001
Full moon, clear night 0.25 0.023
Living room (residential) 50 4.6
Office / classroom lighting 320 30
Surgery / detail work area 1,000 93
Overcast daylight 1,000 93
Full daylight (no direct sun) 10,000 929
Direct sunlight at noon 100,000 9,290

Typical Luminance Values (cd/m² / nits)

Source cd/m² (nit) Foot-lambert (fL)
Starless night sky 0.0001 0.00003
Average laptop screen (typical) 300 87.6
HDR-capable smartphone screen 1,000 291.9
Professional HDR mastering display 4,000 1,167
Bright fluorescent tube surface 10,000 2,919
Clear blue sky (zenith) 8,000 2,335
Sun's surface 1.6e9 4.7e8
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Guide

Luminance & Illuminance Unit Converter

Convertisseur de luminance et d'illuminance

Convert between every common photometric unit on one screen, with illuminance and luminance kept clearly apart so you never accidentally swap lux for nits. Type a value in any field and the rest of its group updates instantly.

Why Two Groups Instead of One

Illuminance (lux, foot-candle, phot, millilux, nox) measures light arriving at a surface — what a light meter reads on a desk or floor. Luminance (cd/m², foot-lambert, stilb, lambert, cd/ft²) measures light leaving a surface — what your eye actually sees coming off a screen, sky, or wall. They use different physical dimensions and you cannot convert between them without knowing the surface’s reflectance or geometry, so this tool keeps them separated.

Comment utiliser

  1. Decide which quantity you have. Numbers off a lux meter or lighting spec sheet are illuminance; numbers off a display spec sheet (“600 nits peak”) are luminance.
  2. Type your value into the matching field — every other field in that group updates immediately.
  3. Adjust Decimal Precision if you need rounded values for a report or extra digits for engineering work.
  4. Use Copy on any field for a single value, or Copy All to grab the full conversion list.

Caractéristiques

  • Two clearly separated groups – Illuminance and luminance never mix, removing the most common photometric mistake.
  • Ten units covered – SI (lux, cd/m²), imperial (foot-candle, foot-lambert, cd/ft²), CGS (phot, stilb, lambert), and historical (millilux, nox).
  • Live bidirectional conversion – Type into any field, the others in the same group update on the next keystroke.
  • Adjustable precision – From whole numbers up to ten decimal places, with automatic scientific notation for very large or very small values.
  • Reference tables built in – See where typical scenes (moonlight, office, direct sun, smartphone screen, HDR mastering display) sit on each scale.
  • Copy and reset – Single-click copy on every field, plus a Copy All button for grabbing the full conversion as plain text.

Cas d'utilisation courants

  • Photographers and cinematographers matching foot-candles on an old American light meter to the lux readings on modern gear.
  • Display and AR/VR engineers converting between cd/m² (nits) used in spec sheets and foot-lamberts used in projection and cinema standards.
  • Lighting designers sanity-checking lux targets against IES, OSHA, or local code requirements written in foot-candles.
  • Stage and architectural lighting teams reading old fixtures or papers that quote phot, stilb, or lambert.
  • Students and physics tutors comparing CGS and SI photometric units side by side.

Conversion Math (For Reference)

  • 1 foot-candle = 10.7639 lux (because 1 ft² = 0.092903 m²).
  • 1 phot = 10,000 lux (1 lumen per cm²).
  • 1 nox = 1 millilux = 0.001 lux.
  • 1 foot-lambert = 10.7639 / π ≈ 3.4263 cd/m².
  • 1 stilb = 10,000 cd/m² (1 candela per cm²).
  • 1 lambert = 10,000 / π ≈ 3,183.10 cd/m².
  • 1 cd/ft² = 10.7639 cd/m².

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FAQ

  1. What is the difference between lux and nits?

    Lux measures illuminance — how much light is falling on a surface. Nits (cd/m²) measure luminance — how much light is being emitted or reflected from a surface toward an observer. A 500-lux office is the light hitting your desk; a 500-nit phone is the light coming out of the screen. They use different physical dimensions and cannot be directly converted without knowing the surface's reflectance and geometry.

  2. Why is π involved in foot-lambert and lambert conversions?

    Foot-lambert and lambert are luminance units defined for a perfectly diffuse (Lambertian) surface that emits or reflects 1 lumen per unit area. Spreading 1 lumen evenly over a hemisphere of solid angle 2π steradians gives a luminance of 1/π candelas per unit area. That 1/π factor is why 1 foot-lambert equals 1/π cd/ft² (or about 3.4263 cd/m²) rather than a clean integer.

  3. Why do screen spec sheets quote nits but cinema specs use foot-lamberts?

    Display manufacturers settled on cd/m² (nits) when SI units became standard for consumer electronics, especially for HDR specifications like HDR10 (1,000 nits) and Dolby Vision (4,000 nits mastering). Cinema and projection inherited foot-lamberts from American film standards (SMPTE recommends 14 fL for theater screens), and the unit stuck because legacy projectors and screen specs were written in it. Both describe the same physical quantity.

  4. Are phot, stilb, lambert, and nox still used today?

    They are CGS-system units that have largely been replaced by SI equivalents in modern engineering, but they still appear in older textbooks, optics papers, and some legacy industrial documentation. Nox (originally a German military unit for very low light levels) is essentially identical to millilux. They are kept in this converter so you can decode older source material without separately looking up factors.

  5. How accurate is the foot-candle to lux conversion of 10.7639?

    It comes directly from the SI definition that 1 foot equals exactly 0.3048 meters, making 1 ft² = 0.09290304 m². Since 1 fc = 1 lumen/ft² and 1 lux = 1 lumen/m², 1 fc = 1 / 0.09290304 lux = 10.7639104167… lux. The figure is exact to as many decimals as you need; this tool uses 10.7639 by convention but you can request more precision via the Decimal Precision setting.

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