Calculateur du coût de rechargement des véhicules électriques

Level 1 charging plugs into a standard household outlet and delivers around 1.4 kW, which is slow but works overnight for short commutes. Level 2 charging uses a 240V circuit or a public AC station and typically supplies 6–11 kW, fully replenishing most EVs overnight. DC fast charging bypasses the car's onboard charger and feeds high-voltage direct current straight to the battery at 50–350 kW, adding hundreds of kilometers in 20–40 minutes but at a higher price per kWh.

Battery chemistry limits how fast lithium-ion cells can accept current without overheating or degrading. Charging typically peaks between 10–60% state of charge and then tapers down as the battery fills, especially above 80%. Cold temperatures, hot temperatures, and a long history of fast-charging sessions all reduce the peak rate further, which is why real-world DC fast charging sessions are usually planned to stop at 80%.

A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is the energy used by a 1,000-watt device running for one hour. EV batteries are sized in kWh — a 75 kWh pack stores roughly the same energy as 2.3 liters of gasoline. Range depends on vehicle efficiency, usually expressed in km per kWh or miles per kWh: a car that does 6 km/kWh will travel about 450 km on a full 75 kWh charge under ideal conditions.

Public DC fast chargers cost hundreds of thousands of dollars to install, draw expensive demand-charged grid power, and need ongoing maintenance and uptime monitoring. Operators have to recover that capital, pay for the land, and add a margin, so per-kWh prices on the road usually sit well above residential tariffs. Home charging, by contrast, uses the same off-peak power that already runs your refrigerator.

The bottom 20% and the top 20% of a lithium-ion pack charge much more slowly than the middle. Going from 20 to 80% can be roughly twice as fast per kWh as a full 0–100% session on a DC fast charger, because the curve drops sharply above 80%. Daily driving from 20–80% also reduces calendar aging of the battery, which is why most EVs default to an 80% charging cap.